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4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444441IIIIIllIII'3II-Il-I-IEIIIIIIl-l-llfll 9 ‘ PROGRESSIVE JUDAISM 1 [+07 RMmMc ‘JuflAlSH THE BACKGROUND : All major movements in contemporary Judéism are directly or indirectly responses to Emancipation. Most of all true of Pgogressive Judaism. Therefore must deal with Emancipation. But next time. Fir§t what went before. Two major phases: Biblical and Rabbinic. (When did each begin?) If we compare we see both sameness and difference, continuity and change. Common: One God, Creator of cosmos, Guide of history, Righteous, Perfect Age, esp.Paxe Chosen People, Revelation, Love of Neighbour. Unlike: Location, Status, Institution, Leadership, Torah, Immortality. Closer look at Rabbinic Judaism. Origin of Pharisaism. Synagogue, School, Home. Liturgy. Oral Torah. Destruction of Temple. Dispersion. Triumph of Pharisaism. Rabbinic Judaism. Halachah and Aggadah. Mishnah, Talmud, Midrash. Codes and Responsa. Challenges to Rabbinic Judaism. Sadduceés, Karaites, Kabbalah, Chasidism. Persistence of Rabbinic Judaism nevertheLess. Aided by outside pressure and selfrgovernment. Kahal. Synagogue, bath; cemetery, slaughterhouSe, bakery, philanthropy, schools. Fixed weights & deasures, wages, prices, rents, Beth Dih, flogging, fines, imprisonment. Admin. council = 7 tovey ha—ir (Meg. 27a) elected by secret ballot. Parnas, gabbai, Dayyanim. Takkanot. Confederatiom: Council of Four Lands (1580-1764), Poland. Ghetto. Fourth Laberan Council 1215 inclyded (a) yellow badge, (b) segregation. First compulsory ghettos: Cologne 1150, Palermo 1312, Frankfort 1460, 1496 onwards various Polish cities. B y 16th cent. unrversal in most of Europe. Venice 1516. Ghetto (borghetto = little quarter?), Judengasse, Judenstadb, Juiverie, Mellah. Unsanitary areas. Walls & gates. Degradation & protection. Gates locked sunset to sunrise, Sundays & Christian holidays. Lack of light, gardens. Danger of disease & fire. Also collapse since area cramped and expansion vertical. Mob attacks, taunting. Familientengesetz; restricting marriages~to eidesta oruo ver 25, ‘ or equal to deaths. Narrowing of education. Psychological effects: see Rudavsky, p. 32. Rigidification of Jewish law pre-existed but intensified by Ghetto. Plus:‘ hostility to Gentile world and lack of cultural breadth. 7 '9 ULPS EVENING INSTITUTE — PESACH TERM 1989 — PROGRESSIVE JUDAISM SYLLABUS January 9th January 16th January 23rd January 30th February 6th February 13th February 20th February 27th March 6th March 13th Revelation and Tradition; Authority of Bible and Talmud Liturgy; Controversial Theological Issues Worship: Language, Music, Seating, Attire Domestic Observances (including Kashrut); Sabbath and Festivals Childhood: Circumcision, Education, Coming of Age Jewish Status; Conversion to Judaism I I Marriage and Divorce Death, Burial, Cremation, MOurning Social Issues; Progressive Judaism and Zionism Discussion of Issues raised by Participants BIBLIOGRAPHY ' History of Progressive Judaism Michael A. Meyer: Response 29 Modernity, A History'of the Reform Movement in Judaism (Oxford University Press, 1988). This supersedes all previous histories of its scope except W. Gunther Plaut's Rise 92 Reform Judaism and Egg Growth 3: Reform Judaism, World Union forEgg Progressive Judaism, 1963 and 1965, which are still useful as 'source—books'. Beliefs and Practices of Progressive Judaism Claude G. Montefiore: Outlines 2E Liberal Judaism (Macmillan and Co., 1912). Israel I. Mattuck: Liberal Judaism: Its Thought and Practice (ULPS, 1947). John D. Rayner and Bernard Hooker: Judaism £93 Egggl (ULPS, 1978)Bugene B. Borowitz: Liberal Judaism (UAHC, 1984).» The Platforms: Philadelphia 1869; Pittsburgh 1885; Germany 1912; Columbus 1937; San Francisco (Centenary Perspective) 1976. (Texts have been or will be distributedu) Liturgy of Progressive Judaism Jakob J. Petuchowski: Prayerbook Reform in Europe (World Union for Progressive Judaism, 1968) Jdfi)D.Raner $mwmy1gfi 907