Download Chapter 3 LEAP Biology practice Test

Chapter 3 LEAP Biology practice Test
Organic Compounds:
Isomers:
Hydrocarbons:
An organic compound’s unique properties depend on what? (2 answers)
What are the 4 Macromolecules?
Monomers are linked together to form____________through_____________which remove water
Polymers are broken apart by______________ which is the addition of water
Sugar monomers are_____________ which can be hooked together to form___________
What are Monosaccharides used for?
What do Polysaccharides function as?
List 4 polysaccharides:
Are Lipids Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic?
Why are Lipids different from Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? (2 answers)
3 types of lipids:
What are fats made of?
What is the difference btwn saturated fatty acids and unsaturated?
Draw phospholipids:
What are proteins made of?
What do amino acids have?
What is “R”?
What is a peptide bond?
What is a polypeptide?
most important role for proteins is as an __________. Which does:
What is denaturation, and why is it bad?
A protein’s shape depends on four levels of structure. List each 4.
Primary structure of protein is its______________, which is determined by the cell’s__________
True or False? The slightest change in this sequence may affect the protein’s ability to function.
The secondary structure results from_____________of a ___________
What is an alpha helix?
What is a pleated sheet?
Coiling and folding are maintained by___________________________
The Tertiary structure results from interactions btwn___________
A Quaternary Structure is when two or more _____________ associate.
What do genes consist of?
What does DNA do?
Nucleic Acids are polymers of ____________, therefore __________are the monomers of DNA and RNA
(same answer for both blanks)
Nucleotides have 3 parts:
DNA Nitrogenous bases are:
RNA Nitrogenous bases are:
A Nucleic acid polymer is called ___________
A DNA Double Helix is when two___________strands wrap around each other
Base Pairs: A with ___ and C with ____
RNA is usually a single _________strand
Answers:
Organic Compounds: Carbon based molecules
Isomers: Compounds with same formula but different structural arrangements
Hydrocarbons: Methane and other compounds composed of only Carbon and Hydrogen
An organic compound’s unique properties depend on what? (2 answers)
Size and shape of molecule and
Groups of atoms (functional groups) attached to it
What are the 4 Macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acid
Monomers are linked together to form polymers through Dehydration reactions, which remove water
Polymers are broken apart by Hydrolysis which is the addition of water
Sugar monomers are Monosaccharides which can be hooked together to form more complex structures
and polysaccharides
What are Monosaccharides used for? Main fuels for cellular work; Used as raw materials to manufacture
other organic molecules
What do Polysaccharides function as? Storage molecules; Structural compounds
List 4 polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
Are Lipids Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic? Hydrophobic
Why are Lipids different from Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids? (2 answers)
Not large; not made of monomers
3 types of lipids: fats, phospholipids, steroids
What are fats made of? one glycerol linked to three fatty acids by dehydration reactions
What is the difference btwn saturated fatty acids and unsaturated? Saturated fatty acids have the max
number of Hydrogens; they are solid at room temp. Unsaturated are liquid and cause bends in C chain
Draw phospholipids:
What are proteins made of? amino acids linked by peptide bonds
What do amino acids have? An amino group; A carboxyl group (which makes it an acid)
What is “R”? A chemical group that determines prop of each of the 20 amino acids used to make
proteins
What is a peptide bond? Bond created when Amino Acid monomers are linked together in a dehydration
reaction, Joining Carboxyl group of one Amino Acid to the Amino group of the next amino acid
What is a polypeptide? chain of amino acids created when additional amino acids are added by the
same process as listed above
Most important role for proteins is as an enzyme. Which serve as metabolic catalysts and Regulate
chem reactions within cells
What is denaturation, and why is it bad? Is when a polypeptide chain unravels, loses its shape, and this
loses its function: If a proteins shape is altered, it can no longer function
A protein’s shape depends on four levels of structure. List each 4. Primary, Secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary structures
Primary structure of protein is its unique amino acid sequence, which is determined by the cell’s genetic
info
True or False? The slightest change in this sequence may affect the protein’s ability to function. true
The secondary structure results from coiling or folding of a polypeptide
What is an alpha helix? Helical structure that results from coiling.
What is a pleated sheet? Certain kind of folding leads to a structure called a pleated sheet, which
dominates some fibrous proteins, such as those in a spider web
Coiling and folding are maintained by regularly spaced Hydrogen bonds btwn Hydrogen atoms and
Oxygen atoms along backbone of the polypeptide chain
The Tertiary structure results from interactions btwn R groups of various amino acids
A Quaternary Structure is when two or more polypeptide chains associate.
What do genes consist of? DNA
What does DNA do? Responsible for heredity and for programming activities of cell
Nucleic Acids are polymers of nucleotides, therefore nucleotides are the monomers of DNA and RNA
Nucleotides have 3 parts: A 5 Carbon sugar called Ribose in RNA and Deoxyribose in DNA; A phosphate
group; A nitrogenous base
DNA Nitrogenous bases are: Adenine (A); Thymine (T); Cytosine (C); Guanine (G)
RNA Nitrogenous bases are: Adenine (A); Cytosine (C); Guanine (G); and Uracil (U)
A Nucleic acid polymer is called polynucleotide
A DNA Double Helix is when two polynucleotide strands wrap around each other
Base Pairs: A with T and C with G
RNA is usually a single polynucleotide strand