Download Practice Exam 1

Practice Exam 1
Below are sample questions from your book (of which all of the answers are in the back). These
are not necessarily indicative of the specific material or types of questions that Drs. Hofmockel
& Serb will ask on the exam. Remember, they want you to be able to apply your knowledge of
the material learned in class and from the book and part of that comes from understanding the
significance, application, and importance of that information. The majority of questions will
come from the learning objectives so focus on those more than anything else! Good luck!
Text Chapters Covered:
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22.2- Fossils
22.3- History of Life on Earth
26.1- Taxonomy
26.2- Phylogenetic Trees
27- Bacteria & Archaea
18.3- Genetic Properties of Bacteria
18.4- Gene Transfer Between Bacteria
28- Protists
Learning Objectives:
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Compare & contrast Archaean, Proterozoic, & Phanerozoic eras
Describe the use of fossils as evidence of life on Earth
Explain the endosymbiotic hypothesis
Describe taxonomy & phylogenetics
Be able to read a phylogenetic tree
Understand the differences between taxonomy & phylogenetics
Prokaryotes are ubiquitous, important to life on Earth, and metabolically
sophisticated
Much is still unknown about the living world, especially prokaryotes
All life is completely dependent on the metabolic activities of prokaryotes
Compare & contrast a hypothesis, theory, and fact
Describe the concept of the human biome and give a general example
Explain antibiotic resistance and how it happens
List the key characteristics & explain the importance of protists
Describe endosymbiosis & why it’s important
Understand that metabolic and cell type diversity lead to multicellular
diversity
1. Paleontologists estimate the dates of fossils by
a. the layer of rock in which the fossils are found
b. analysis of radioisotopes found in nearby rock
c. the complexity of the body plan of the organism
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
2. The fossil record does not give us a complete picture of the history of life because
a. not all past organisms have become fossilized
b. only organisms with hard skeletons can become fossilized
c. fossils of every small organisms have not been found
d. fossils of early organisms are located too deep in the crust of the Earth to be found
e. all of the above
3. The endosymbiosis hypothesis explaining the evolution of eukaryotic cells is supported by
a. DNA-sequencing analysis comparing bacterial genomes, mitochondrial genomes, and
eukaryotic nuclear genomes
b. naturally occurring examples of endosymbiotic relationships between bacterial cells
and eukaryotic cells
c. the presence of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts
d. all of the above
e. a and be only
4. Which of the following is the correct order of the taxa used to classify organisms?
a. kingdom, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
b. domain, kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genus, species
c. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species
d. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
e. kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, family, species, genus
5. A taxon composed of all species derived from a common ancestor is referred to as
a. a phylum
b. a monophyletic group or clade
c. a genus
d. an outgroup
e. all of the above
6. The goal of modern taxonomy is to
a. classify all organisms based on morphological similarities
b. classify all organisms in monophyletic groups
c. classify all organisms based solely on genetic similarities
d. determine the evolutionary relationships between similar species
e. none of the above
7. The Gram stain is a procedure that microbiologists use to
a. determine if a bacterial strain is a pathogen
b. determine if a bacterial sample can break down oil
c. infer the structure of a bacterial cell wall and bacterial response to antibiotics
d. count bacteria in medical or environmental samples
e. do all of the above
8. Cyanobacteria play what ecological role?
a. producers
b. consumers
c. decomposers
d. parasites
e. none of the listed choices
9. By means of what process do populations of bacteria or archaea increase their size?
a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. conjugation
d. transduction
e. none of the listed choices
10. by what means to bacterial cells acquire new DNA?
a. by conjugation, the mating of two cells of the same bacterial species
b. by transduction, the injection of viral DNA into bacterial cells
c. by transformation, the uptake of DNA from the environment
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
11. Genetic diversity is maintained in bacterial populations by all of the following except
a. binary fission
b. mutation
c. transformation
d. transduction
e. conjugation
12. A bacterial species that becomes resistant to certain antibiotics may have acquired the
resistance genes from another bacterial species. The phenomenon of acquiring genes from
another organism without being the offspring of that organism is known as
a. hybridization
b. integration
c. horizontal gene transfer
d. vertical gene transfer
e. competence
13. If you were studying the origin of land plant traits, which of the following groups would you
study?
a. green algae
b. radiolarians
c. choanoflagellates
d. diatoms
e. ciliates
14. How would you recognize a primary plastid? It would:
a. have one envelope membrane
b. have two envelope membranes
c. have more than two envelope membranes
d. lack pigments
e. be golden brown in color
15. What is unusual about mixotrophs?
a. they have no plastids, but they occur mixed in communities with autotrophs
b. they have mixed heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition
c. their cells contain a mixture of red and green plastids
d. their cells contain a mixture of haploid and diploid nuclei
e. they consume a mixed diet of algae
16. What are the two alternate hosts of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum?
a. humans and ticks
b. ticks and mosquitoes
c. humans and Anopheles mosquitoes
d. humans and all types of mosquitoes
e. sporophytes and gametophytes