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Review sheet – Chapter 4b (Diversity of Life) Understand that the unifying concept that allows us to classify organisms is evolution Know that evolution is genetic change over time Know that organisms are a good fit to their environment, but not perfect Understand that the best-adapted individuals in a given environment will survive better (to reproduce and pass their genes along to their offspring) than those not so well-adapted Understand that natural selection is the process by which favorable, inherited traits become more numerous in successive generations of a population (reproducing organisms) Understand that in order for natural selection to occur, there must be a struggle for existence/competition, variation, and an inheritance of traits Know that the biological species concept defines a species as a member of a population which has the potential to interbreed with other members of the population in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring Understand that according to the biological species concept, a species is determined by its ability to interbreed and NOT on physical similarities Know that all breeds of dogs (and races of humans for that matter) all belong to the same species because they can interbreed Know the names and order of taxa in the classification system of organisms: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Understand that organisms are generally identified by a binomial system which consists of their genus and species (=scientific name) Know that the scientific name is written in italics and genus appears before species and is capitalized (species is not) Understand that no two species have the same scientific name Know that scientific names are descriptive, while common names can be confusing and deceiving Understand that phylogenetics reconstructs evolutionary relationships by grouping organisms by their relatedness to one another Understand that a phylogeny is an evolutionary tree and illustrates the evolutionary relationships between related species (or other taxa) Understand that evidence for the phylogeny of an organism comes from body structure (homologous structures), reproduction, embryological and larval development, and molecular characteristics (DNA, RNA) Know the 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya Understand that phylogenies are subject to conflict among evolutionary biologists and can change over time Know that you belong to Kingdom Animalia in Domain Eukarya