Download Ch 18-1 and 18

Chapter 18-1
Finding Order in Diversity
I. Taxonomy
A. The science of classifying organisms and
assigning them a scientific name.
B. Why are scientific names necessary?
1. Many common names for the same
organism depending on regions.
2. Many different languages, which have
different names for the same organism.
Ex. This could be:
cougar
mountain lion
puma
coguaro ( italian)
silberlowe (german)
No matter where or what language it is Felis concolor
C. Why Classify?
1. Helps group millions of organisms in logical order
2. Over 2 million species have been classified which is
only a fraction of the organisms that are believed to
yet be discovered.
3. Estimates range from 2 million to 40 million more
organisms yet to be discovered.
Classification of Living Things YouTube
• Mistake in video: SOME organisms of
different species can produce offspring,
BUT they will NOT be fertile!
II. History of Taxonomy
A. Aristotle and Linneaus orginally grouped
organisms into 2 groups1. plants
2. animals
B. Linneaus- Swedish scientist
1. Developed 7 level classification system.
a. Each level is called a taxon.
Kingdom->Phylum->Class->Order->Family->Genus-Species
2. Developed Binomial nomenclature-a two word
system for assigning EVERY type of organism a
scientific name.
a. The scientific name is the organisms genus
and species.
4. Used Latin- because it was the common
language at the time
Since the grizzly and polar bear have the same
genus (Ursus), they are more closely related to each
other than to the Giant Panda.
Q:What do you notice about how the scientific
names are printed?
5.
Three rules for writing scientific names.
1. Written in italics
2. 1st word (genus) is capitalized
3. 2nd word (species) lower case letters
Ex. Homo sapiens ( translated means wise man)
18-3 Kingdoms and
Domains
III. Classification System Used Currently
A. Eight levels
1.Domain- 3 domains (broadest)
a. Domain Eukarya- (eukaryotic) includes 4 kingdoms
a. Protista
b.Fungi
c. Plants
d.Animals
b. Domain Bacteria-(prokaryotic)includes Kingdom Eubacteria
c. Domain Archae-(prokaryotic) includes Kingdom
Archaebacteria
*Note: All bacteria used to belong to the same kingdom, Monera
2. Kingdoms- 6 (Plant, animal, protist, fungi, eubacteria,
archaebacteria)
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. species(most specific)
IV. More Important Vocab
1. Autotroph- makes its own food ( Producer)
Ex. Plants
2. Heterotroph- dependent on other organisms for food
(Consumer) Ex. Fungi, Animals, others
3. Prokaryote- a simple cell with NO nucleus. All bacteria are
prokaryotes-All prokaryotes are bacteria!
4. Eukaryote - a complex cell WITH a nucleus AND
membrane bound organelles. You have eukaryotic cells.
Plants, animals, fungi, protists have eukaryotic cells.
• Crash Course Taxonomy
5. Peptidoglycan- special carbohydrate found in
Eubacteria cell walls
6. Cellulose – special carbohydrate
found in cell walls of plants and
some protists.
7. Chitin- special carbohydrate found in
cell walls of fungi.