Download Topic List for Exam #3 S`2010 Chapter 8: What are the two types of c

Topic List for Exam #3
S’2010
Chapter 8:
What are the two types of chemical energy in bacterial cells?
Know the 3 general strategies to make ATP.
Why is ATP such a useful energy storage molecule?
What must a respiratory chain do?
What is the “Chemiosmotic theory”, how does it work?
What types of cell processes can be powered directly from pmf?
What is meant by “Plug-N-Play” in reference to bacterial metabolism?
Be able to calculate G for various terminal electron acceptors if given standard
redox potentials, # of electrons transferred, and the Faraday constant (F).
Chapter 9:
What is photophosphorylation?
What are the three types of photophosphorylation systems?
Which probably evolved first? Why?
What is a photosynthetic pigment (like chlorophyll) ? What must it do?
Be able to describe how bacteriorhodopsin works.
What is an “antenna”, when talking about photosystems?
Why would green sulfur bacteria need a large antenna array?
Know the basic scheme for photosystems I & II of cyanobacteria.
What is meant by cyclic vs. noncyclic operation in photosystems?
Know what the Racker experiment demonstrated and how it was done.
Chapter 10:
What do we mean by carbon “fixation” and why is it important?
How many turns of the Calvin-Benson cycle are required to produce one molecule
of glucose?
Know what goes in/ comes out of the six core biochemical pathways we discussed
in class. Why might a bacterium choose one pathway over another?
Why is it important for the cell to be able to regulate the amount
of intermediate molecules in glycolysis and the TCA cycle?
Why is it possible to run the TCA cycle in reverse?
Why is RuBisco such a crappy enzyme?
Know the name, carbon input, energy source, and how each of the five alternate
carbon fixation pathways interface with biosynthesis.
What is the preferred route of nitrogen assimilation?
Why is bacterial nitrogen fixation needed?
How do bacteria handle sulfur and phosphorous?
Where do the carbon skeletons of the amino acids and nucleotide bases generally
come from?
Chapter 11:
What is the single most abundant class of biomolecule in a bacterial cell?
For what two reasons must peptidoglycan remodeling be an ongoing process?
Know the four levels of protein structure and what forces hold them together.
What environmental conditions affect protein structure and why is this important?
Are protein structures static (unchanging), why or why not?
Why do you more commonly find disulfide bonds in extracellular proteins?
What is a “signal sequence”?
Know the 6 types of protein secretion systems in bacteria (you don’t need to know
the # of proteins involved).
Which system handles the bulk of secretion in a bacterial cell?
Which system can also install integral membrane proteins?
Why do most cells need a secretion system like the Tat system, how is it different
from the other secretion systems?
Briefly describe how type IV pili extend and retract. How is this process used
in twitching motility? In type II secretion?