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Physical Science Week 1 Atoms Monday Warm Up (IAN #6) • Describe the size of your foot without using any standard measurement units such inches, centimeters, feet, meters, etc. • Instead, use pencil lengths, paper clip lengths, etc. Measurement Review (IAN #7) • Mass is measured in grams with triple beam balance –1000 grams is one kilogram –1000 milligrams is one gram Volume • Liquid volume is measured in liters with graduated cylinder – 1000 milliliters is one liters • Solid volume is measured with ruler = length x width x height in cubic centimeters (cm3) • 1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter • Distance is measured in meters with ruler. – 10 millimeters is one centimeter – 100 centimeters is one meter – 1000 meters is one kilometer Measurement Activities (IAN #8) Tuesday Warm Up (IAN 6) • Estimate the approximate values of the following: – Length of a pencil – mass of a stapler – volume of a shoe box. • Use appropriate SI (metric) units Pre-test 1.Which of the following is a characteristic property of matter A.Shape B.Mass C.Volume D.Reactivity 2. A particle that has a negative charge and is found outside the nucleus of an atom is… A. An angstrom B. A neutron C. A proton D. An electron 3. Where is MOST of the mass of an atom found? A.In matter B.In the nucleus C. In the electron cloud D. In the neutrons 4. If a carbon atom has 6 protons and 7 neutrons, how many electrons does it have? A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7 5. Which of the following statements about molecules is true? A. Steel is a compound B. Water is a compound C. Water is a mixture D. Hydrogen is a mixture 6. Which of the following would most likely help you determine a chemical property of a substance? A. Placing the substance in a flame to see if it will burn B. Measuring the volume of the substance C. Heating the substance until it melts D. Calculating the density of the substance 7. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in columns by their A. Atomic number B. Valence electrons C. Chemical names D. Chemical symbols • 8. What is the chemical symbol for an element whose atoms have 24 electrons? A. Mg B. Cr C. C D. Ti 9. On the pH scale the number 7 indicates that a substance is most likely A. An acid B. A base C. Neutral D. A metal only • 10. The motion of particles in a liquid is A. More than in a gas B. The same as in a gas C. More than in a solid D. The same as in a solid Cornell Notes: Atoms and Molecules (IAN #9) • Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass. • Atom: The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. Electron • A subatomic particle that has a negative charge. • Found outside nucleus of atom in electron cloud – orbiting around nucleus in random pattern. Nucleus • An atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons. • Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom. • Contains most of atom’s mass. Electron cloud • A region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found. Energy Levels (shells) Note check • So far you should have: – – – – Atom Electron Nucleus Electron cloud Size of an atom • Average (Al) 0.00000003 cm • Aluminum foil is 50,000 atoms thick Parts of an atom • Electrons: negatively charged particles in electron clouds outside the nucleus. • Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. • Neutrons : Particles in the nucleus of an atom that have no charge Atomic mass unit (amu) • A unit of mass that describes that mass of an atom or molecule. • One proton has a mass of 1 amu • One neutron has a mass of 1 amu • One electron has a mass of 1/1800 amu Element • A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. – 115 known elements – 92 naturally occurring elements Atomic number • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. • The atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element. Mass Number • The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Atomic Mass • The mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. Molecule • Two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. Thought check… • How are atoms and molecules alike? • How are atoms and molecules different? Wednesday Warm Up (IAN 6) • Compare and contrast atoms and molecules with a Venn Diagram. Modeling Atoms of Elements • Protons: + • Neutrons: 0 • Electrons: - Periodic table Diagram of atom • Choose an element with atomic number between 19 and 36. • Create a diagram showing the correct number and placement (relative) of neutrons, protons, and electrons. Color and neatness count. • Create a legend (key) • Add the square from periodic table for your element. • Title your diagram. Thursday Warm Up (IAN 6) • Compare and contrast atoms and molecules with a venn diagram. AC classes • www.explorelearning.com • Element Builder gizmo Read page 316 - 324 • Complete the directed reading as you read • When you finish – do the section review together with your table. Friday Warm Up (IAN 100) • How can you tell an atom of gold from an atom of aluminum? Assume you have an electron microscope. The Atoms Family • Review power point Quiz - atoms