Download Past Participle Packet - James Baker

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Name:_______________Period:__
English I Pre-AP
2012 - Baker
Due: ____________
Grammar Packet II:
The Past Participle
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Look for the
icon for exercises you MUST DO. (I’ll trust you to do the “oral” ones! )
Any daily grades taken from packets will be based on completion for a portion of the credit and
correctness for the major part of the grade.
When a grade is taken, the work is due when assigned and is accepted one day late for 50%.
Work on the packets (unless specified otherwise) is individual—not group—work.
You will have 6 of these packets, one per six weeks. Sometimes a grade will be taken, sometimes not.
Each unit will usually be followed by a test that will count as a single major grade.
When sentence writing is required, the sentence must be your original work and must contain at least
one interesting/”good” word.
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Past Participle: Explanation and Exercises
EXPLANATION:
1. There are three HAVE auxiliaries:
have / has
= present tense
had
= past tense
2. The PAST PARTICIPLE is the form of the verb that patterns with a HAVE auxiliary
(have / has / had) sung
-- sung is the past participle
NOTES:
A verb having TWO OR MORE words is called a VERB PHRASE or VERB STRING.
The FIRST word (the have auxiliary) conveys the tense.
have sung / has sung = present tense
had sung
= past tense
The SECOND word (sung) is the principle word of the verb.
(The principle word of the verb is always the last word in a verb string.)
In a sentence, the two words of the verb phrase as sometimes TOGETHER, sometimes SEPARATED.
Together:
Lightening has struck that tree.
Separated by QUESTION: Has lightening struck that tree?
by NEGATIVE: Lightening has not struck that tree.
by ADVERB:
Lightening has recently struck that tree.
If the HAVE auxiliary is part of a CONTRACTION, separate it from the contraction when naming the verb.
Ex:
You've made my day.
Verb Phrase: have made
I haven't heard.
Verb Phrase: have heard
Exercise:
Underline the verbs OR verb phrases in the following sentences.
Ex: The car has sped away. OR The car sped away.
1. They have led the horse to water.
2. The coyote has howled all night.
3. Jack had nimbly jumped the candlestick.
4. They had not noticed the storm clouds before.
5. The cat has foolishly leaped onto the roof.
6. Has she spoken her piece?
7. They've gathered the evidence.
8. Hasn't the witness testified under oath?
9. The dog has buried his bone.
10. The convict escaped over the wall.
11. They have driven to New Braunfels for the Wurstfest.
12. The band is playing the national anthem.
13. Thieves keep late hours.
14. I've changed my mind.
15. Children were dancing after the Pied Piper.
16. Your opponent hasn't thrown the towel in.
17. The Yukon traveler kindles a fire under a spruce tree.
18. Has the kingfisher caught the dragonfly?
19. Are businesses using fewer kilowatt hours?
20. The hailstorm has almost demolished our garden
21. I run in the Capitol 10,000 every year.
22. Hasn't the agency sent your visa yet?
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Prior Action: Explanation and Exercises
EXPLANATION:
PRIOR ACTION is an action that occurs BEFORE another action.
A.
In PRESENT TENSE narration, prior action is expressed by the PAST TENSE.
Ex: He regrets that he spent all his money at the penny arcade.
Note: regrets is called the NARRATIVE verb
B. In PAST TENSE narration, prior action is expressed by the aux HAD (the PAST PERFECT tense).
Ex: He regretted that he had spent all his money at the penny arcade.
In both the sentences above, the spending occurs BEFORE the regret.
When the regret is expressed in PRESENT TENSE, as in Example a. (regrets), the prior action of
spending is correctly expressed by the PAST tense spent.
When the regret is expressed in PAST TENSE, as in Example b. (regretted), the spending is correctly
expressed by the PAST PERFECT tense (aux had) had spent.
DRILL: Choose the correct form to express prior action and give the reasons (a. or b. above).
1. The officer claims the motorist (sped / had sped) past him on Loop 360.
2. The golfer missed the ball which he (placed / had placed) on the tee.
3. The gladiator lowered the sword which he (raised / had raised)..
4. The cat sits on the loveseat which its owner (bought / had bought) at the auction.
EXERCISE I: 1. Underline the narrative verb in each sentence below. Above it write the TENSE.
2. CIRCLE the correct choice for the verb expressing prior action.
3. ON the line below each sentence, write out the reasoning from above
1. The girl picked up the pizza she (ordered / had ordered).
b. In past tense narration, prior action is expressed by the past perfect tense (auxiliary had)._____________
2. The bank officials think the teller (took / had taken) the money.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Robin Hood gave to the poor things he (stole / had stolen) from the rich.
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The bees deserted the hive which they (made / had made).
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5. The swastika is a symbol of the Nazi party, which (controlled / had controlled) Germany before and during
World War II.
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6. We discovered at Lost Maples that other campers (reserved / had reserved) every available campsite.
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. The photo conceals the scar that he (received / had received) as a child.
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Adding the Past Participle without HAVE to a Given Basic Sentence
ORAL DRILL
I.
Use a PAST PARTICIPLE BY ITSELF as an adjective where the arrow is. Punctuate correctly out loud.
Ex:
The shirt lay on the floor.
Ans: The crumpled shirt lay on the floor.
NOTE: Crumpled is not set off with commas because it comes before the noun. If it came after the
noun it would be set off with commas. Ex. The shirt, crumpled into a tiny ball, lay on the floor.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
II.
The car honked.
The parakeet flew around the room.
The dog yelped.
The mouse ate the cheese.
The thief ran from the scene.
Use a PAST PARTICIPIAL PHRASE (a past participle + other words) where the arrow is. Punctuate
correctly out loud.
Ex:
Rain beat against the pane .
Ans: Rain beat against the pane, driven by the wind.
NOTE: Participial phrases are almost always set off with commas.
10. The tree fell to the ground.
11. The elephants ran .
12. The hobo stumbled into the trash can.
13. The turtle crawled out of the water.
14. The fire engine sat quietly in the station.
EXERCISE
I.
Write the following sentences, putting at each arrow a PAST PARTICIPLE BY ITSELF.
Punctuate correctly.
1. The boy slept on the deck of the ship.
2. The dove flew away.
3. The golf club lay in the grass.
4. The spy revealed his identity.
5. The students made paper airplanes.
II.
Write the following sentences, putting at each arrow a PAST PARTICIPIAL PHRASE.
Punctuate correctly.
6.
The stuffed animal rolled off the bed.
7. The werewolf loped along the ridge.
8. The runner lost the race.
9. The bud opened .
10. The book tumbled down the muddy bank.
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Distinguishing which Past Participles can be used as ADJECTIVES
Explanation:
Although every verb has a PAST PARTICIPLE (i.e., a form of the verb which patterns with
have), NOT EVERY PAST PARTICIPLE can be used WITHOUT HAVE as a verbal
ADJECTIVE.
Only the past participle of TRANSITIVE verbs can be use used because the past participial
adjective is PASSIVE in nature -- that is, is shows something ACTED UPON, not ACTING -- and
only transitive verbs can be passive.
Example:
In the sentence
The broken shutter flapped against the shack.
the past participial adjective broken indicates that the shutter was ACTED UPON.
It did not cause itself to break; something else broke it -- the wind, probably.
Explanation:
Distinguish between which participle can or cannot function as verbal adjectives by completing
the following chart:
Col 1: The BASE FORM is given.
Col 2: Supply have + the past participle
Col 3: Try
having been + the past participle
Col 4: Declare whether the past participle WORKS as an adjective: yes / no
Col 5: PROVE that the past participle CAN be used as an adjective by using it as such in a sentence
(by itself or in a phrase). If it WON'T WORK as an adjective, say so.
*Then use it correctly in a sentence
BASE
PAST PART
with HAVE
PAST PART
Does Col 3
with HAVING BEEN WORK?
Sentence
Sing
have sung
having been sung
smile
have smiled
having been smiled
No
The song, sung by Kate Smith, stirred
my memory.____________________
____________________________
eat
__________
________________
_____
_____________________________
______________________________
Yes
______________________________
vanish
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
hear
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
strike
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
sleep
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
cut
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
crawl
__________
________________
_____
______________________________
______________________________
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Adding the Past Participle without HAVE to an Original Basic Sentence
I.
DIRECTIONS:
1. On line a, write a BASIC SENTENCE.
2. On line b, write a PAST PARTICIPIAL PHRASE. (Think "having been ___" or "being ___".)
3. Draw an ARROW to the spot in the basic sentence where the participial phrase will go, as indicated
(BEGINNING of sentence, right AFTER the subject, END of sentence).
4. On line c, rewrite sentence, putting in the participial phrase and setting it off with commas.
EXAMPLE (end of sentence)
Basic Sent.
a. The werewolf loped along the ridge .
Part. Ph.
b.
mutated by the moon
Rewrite Sent.
c. The werewolf loped along the ridge, mutated by the moon.
BEGINNING of Sentence
Basic Sent.
a. ________________________________________________________________
Part. Ph.
b. ________________________________________________________________
Rewrite Sent.
c. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
AFTER SUBJECT
Basic Sent.
a. ________________________________________________________________
Part. Ph.
b. ________________________________________________________________
Rewrite Sent.
c. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
END of Sentence
Basic Sent.
a. ________________________________________________________________
Part. Ph.
b. ________________________________________________________________
Rewrite Sent.
c. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
II.
PAST PARTICIPLE BY ITSELF
a. Write a sentence using a PAST PARTICIPLE (by itself, not a phrase) BEFORE the noun.
Ex: Mixed feelings hid in corners near the memory.
___________________________________________________________________________
b.
Write a sentence using a PAST PARTICIPLE (by itself, not a phrase) AFTER the noun.
Ex: The bug, compacted, lay between the cracks.
___________________________________________________________________________
III.
COMPOUNDING THE PARTICIPLE
Write a sentence using a MORE THAN ONE past participle or past participial phrase.
Ex:
Shocked and dazed, the fighter, prepared to lose, staggered to his feet to face his opponent.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Distinguishing Verbs, Pres Part, Past Part
DIRECTIONS: Distinguish among VERBS, PRESENT PARTICIPLES, and PAST PARTICIPLES by writing
beside each number below one of the following symbols:
V
(the subject will perform the action: watch for compound verbs with the and or
,then connections.)
pres part
(the -ing form of the verb)
past part
1
(use the "having been ____" or "being ____" test pattern)
2
EXAMPLE: Shot by a poacher, the blue quail died slowly in the bush.
EXERCISE:
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2
1. The dragon, struck by the sword, hissed fire.
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4
5
2. The wolf opened one yellow eye, gave a loud growl, and got to his feet.
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7
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3. Gripping the limestone, the falcon clung to the cleft of a rock with his piercing talons.
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10
4. The runner, cheered by the crowd, crossed the finish line.
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12
13
5. The jockey jumped from his horse, then sprawled on the ground like a flattened rock.
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15
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17
6. The old cat flopped on the rug, purring, stretching, absorbing the rays of the fire.
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7. Weathered by the years, the old tree stooped on the hillside.
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8. The cowboy jumped on his horse and grabbed the reins.
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9. Covered with teeth marks, the laughing baby pounded the rattlesnake with his pacifier.
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10. Straightening his tie, the man staggered through the doorway.
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11. The waves crashed against the rocks, then sank into the sea.
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12. The slave dropped to his knees, broken by his master's whip.
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13. The exhausted player fell to the bench, making sarcastic jokes, then wiped his sweaty face.
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37
38
14. The mustang, holding its head high, thundered across the plain, then stood on his hind legs, showing his
majesty over the rest of the herd.
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15. Overhead the geese cried mournfully, frightened by the sudden arrival of an early freeze.
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Sentence Analysis: V / S / Past Part
DIRECTIONS:
1. Put V above the VERB (VI/VT).
2. Put S above the SUBJECT.
3. POP your prepositions
4. Underline PARTICIPLES (alone) and PARTICIPIAL PHRASES with a WAVY LINE.
Mark past and present participles above the participle.
5. Draw an ARROW to the noun which the participle describes.
EXAMPLES
Past
S
VI
P
OP
P
OP
a.
The angered police sped through the streets of New York.
b.
The Chaps, fueled by the crowd, ran for a touchdown.
S
past
P
OP
VI P
OP
EXERCISE
1. The unfettered eagle flew from its nest.
2. The alien, frightened, approached the lonely man.
3. The kitten purred playfully, amused by the ball of string.
4. Exhausted from his arduous task, the woodsman quickly fell asleep.
5. The football, launched expertly, swooshed into the receiver's arms.
6. The twisted limbs of the tree scratched the screen.
7. The butterfly, released into the vastness, abandoned her cocoon.
8. The tornado had raged across the landscape, hindered by nothing in its path.
9. The loosened thread irritated the girl.
10. The Indian knelt with his ear to the ground, wizened by the hoofbeats of the approaching cavalry.
11. The waves, crested high above the surface of the water, lifted the boat into the wind.
12. The Saturn probe, discarded like an old shoe, drifted into space.
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Sentence Analysis: Compound V / S / Pres Part / Past Part
DIRECTIONS:
The sentences below contain a number of VERBS, PRESENT PARTICIPLES, and PAST
PARTICIPLES. Mark the following structures, and underline the participle and participial phrases with a
WAVY LINE.
(prep
S
VT
pres part
d.o.
VI
pres perf part
d.o. part
op)
past part
S
past part prep
(
o.p. prep
(
o.p.
))
VT
d.o.
Example: The mosquito, attracted by the sweet scent of human blood , circled its victim vesatiously,
VI
prep past part
(
o.p.
)
VT
past part d.o.
(
)
then landed on unprotected human flesh , and thrust its elongated mouth into a vein .
.
1. Charred timbers of the house stared at the heartbroken man.
2. The building, unfinished, stood patiently waiting for Monday morning.
3. Driven by sheer muscle and will, the bullrider stayed on his animal for a long ten seconds.
4. Frustrated, the student crumpled the paper, and, muttering to himself, shoved his chair back and whipped
the rejected essay into the waste basket.
5. The singing waiter, harmonizing with a fellow servant, warbled sweet melodies, then, applauded by the
customers, took a long dramatic bow.
6. Locked at attention, the sentry watched the snow-covered mountains for signs of attackers, then, hearing
oncoming footsteps, witnessed the death march of prisoners of war.
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Sentence Analysis: Compound V / S / Pres Part / Past Part
INCORPORATING STRUCTURE INTO YOUR WRITING.
**DIRECTIONS: Write two good sentences, using these MAJOR STRUCTURES:
1. Compound verb
Two-Verb Connections
Three-Verb Connections
and
,
, and
, then
,
, then
and
, then
, then and
and
and
2. Present participle
-ing form of the verb
by itself of in a phrase
3. past participle
The form of the verb that patterns with a HAVE auxiliary (has / have / had sung),
or with "having been ___" or "being ___" (having been gone, being eaten).
by itself or in a phrase
EXAMPLE:
The ruptured Titanic, plunging downward through the ice waters of the North Atlantic,
teetered momentarily on an underwater ledge, then, pushed by a deep sea current, ended its
maiden voyage on the ocean floor.
1. ______________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ______________________________________________________________________________________
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