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Transcript
Atomic Structure: SOL Review #2 Notes Name: _________________________________ Chapters 3, 4, 5, Nuclear Chemistry Atomic Particles (Chapter 3) Particles Protons Neutrons Electrons Mass number Atomic number 1 amu, +1 charge 1 amu, no charge 0 amu, -1 charge Protons + neutrons Number of protons Determines the identity of the atom Isotope Different versions on an element Same number of protons, different numbers of neutrons Isotope symbol Ion Atom with a charge Solve for neutrons Neutral atoms Solve for charge Atomic Mass Cation + charge, lost electrons Anion - charge, gained electrons Mass number – atomic number (p+n) (p) Protons = electrons charge = p – e OR think of charge as a balance of positive and negative 𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐴 × 𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴) + (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐵 × 𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐵) + ⋯ Electron Configuration (Chapter 4) example: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Orbital diagrams *two electrons max *opposite spin *singly before pairing Periodic Trends (Chapter 5) Atomic Radius – distance from nucleus to outer electrons (PreIB only) Shielding – inner electrons “blocking” or “shielding” the valence electrons from the pull of the nucleus. Ionization Energy – energy needed to remove an electron Electronegativity – ability of an atom to attract an electron TIME AMOUNT Nuclear Chemistry 0 Amount at beginning Half life Divide amount by 2 Radiation – an unstable nucleus releases radiation (such as alpha, beta, gamma) Divide amount by 2 Half-life – amount of time it takes for half the mass of a radioactive sample to decay Add half-life Add half-life Divide amount by 2