Download Name: Period: ______ Biology Final Review Worksheet (24 pts

Name: ________________________
Period: __________
Biology Final Review Worksheet (24 pts)
UNIT: Evolution/Hardy-Weinberg (Chapters 15 & 16)
Matching: Write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase on the left.
1. Evolution __C___
A. The wing of a bat and the wing of a fly
2. Natural Selection __D___
B. Study of the distributions of organisms on earth
3. Analogous Structures __A___
C. Development of new organisms from pre-existing organisms
4. Homologous Structures __E___
D. Organisms with better adaptations have higher fitness
5. Biogeography __B___
E. The arm of a human and the flipper of a whale
6. Charles Darwin __E___
A. Traces or remains of ancient life
7. Vestigial Structures _B____
B. The human appendix and a whale pelvic bone
8. Alfred Russell Wallace __D___
C. Layers of rock
9. Fossil __A___
D. Cofounder to the theory of Evolution
10. Strata __C___
E. Founder of the theory of Evolution
11. Gene flow __E___
A. A random change in a gene that’s passed on to offspring
12. Genetic drift _C____
B. Total genetic information available in a population
13. Mutation __A___
C. Change in allele frequency of a population due to a random event
14. Gene Pool __B___
D. The formation of species by way of evolution
15. Speciation __D___
E. Movement of genes from one population to another
16. Coevolution _C____
A. Human breeder chooses individuals to parent the next generation
17. Divergent Evolution __D___
B. Mate chosen by ability to attract the opposite sex
18. Convergent Evolution __E___
C. Two or more species evolve adaptations to each other’s influence
19. Artificial Selection __A___
D. Separation of species that came from a common ancestor
20. Sexual Selection __B___
E. Species that came from different ancestors evolve similar traits
Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
__D__ 21. Which of the following are examples of fossils?
a. shells or old bones
b. any traces of dead organisms
c. insects trapped in tree sap
d. All of the above
__D__ 22. Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations of organisms on
a. the Samoan Islands.
b. Manhattan Island.
c. The Hawaiian Islands.
d. The Galapagos Islands.
__C__ 23. According to Darwin, evolution occurs
a. only through artificial selection.
b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years.
c. because of natural selection.
d. so rapidly that it can be observed easily.
__D__ 24. The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that
a. species change over time and never compete with each other.
b. animals change, but plants remain the same over time.
c. species may change in small ways, but cannot give rise to new species.
d. species change over time by natural selection.
__C__ 25. Any violation of the conditions necessary for Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium will result in
a. assortative mating
b. extinction
c. evolution
d. disorganizing selection
_B___ 26. Genetic drift has a greater affect on
a. large populations
b. small populations
c. migrating populations
d. mutating populations
__A__ 27. Organisms with similar DNA
a. share many traits and have a recent common ancestor.
b. don’t share many traits and don’t have a recent common ancestor.
c. do share many traits, but don’t have a recent common ancestor.
d. are identical to each other.
__A__ 28. Homologous structures provide evidence that some organisms
a. evolved from a common ancestor.
b. did not evolve from a common ancestor.
c. have similar environments
d. have similar niches
__A__ 29. Which of the following is most likely a vestigial structure?
a. the human tailbone
c. flower color
b. the beak of a finch
d. a fossil of a snail
__A__ 30. Immigration
a. allows new alleles to enter a population.
b. allows alleles to leave a population.
c. allows allele frequencies in a population to remain the same.
d. keeps the gene pool of a population undisturbed
__C__ 31. Anatomical structures that may have served a function in an ancestor, but currently do not serve any
function are called
a. inorganic
c. vestigial
b. fossilized
d. mutated
__B__ 32. Anatomical structures that look alike and have the same function, but did not come from a common
ancestor are called
a. homologous
c. vestigial
b. analogous
d. incomplete
__B__ 33. The shark and the dolphin, which are similar in appearance but don’t share a recent common ancestor,
is an example of
a. artificial selection
b. convergent evolution
c. coevolution
d. directional selection
__C__ 34. Some bacteria have evolved resistance to our antibiotics. This is a form of
a. artificial selection
b. convergent evolution
c. coevolution
d. directional selection
__B__ 35. Pre-existing species changed over time by natural selection and developed into modern species is
described as
a. Newton’s Law
b. The Theory of Evolution
c. Creationism
d. Intelligent Design
__B__ 36. Which of the following represents variation of measurable traits in a population?
a. exponential growth curve
b. bell curve
c. logistic growth curve
d. allele frequency
__D__ 37. The following are conditions of a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except
a. no net mutations occur
b. individuals don’t leave or enter the population
c. the population is large
d. individuals do not mate randomly
e. selection does not occur
__A__ 38. Genotype is to allele as phenotype is to
a. trait
c. gene pool
b. mutation
d. population
__A__ 39. This diagram shows the ancestral relationships among groups of organisms.
a. phylogenetic tree
c. evolution pictograph
b. selection graph
d. gene pie chart
__B__ 40. Fitness, in evolutionary terms, is defined by an individual’s ability to
a. run at great speeds across the terrain
b. survive and pass on its genes
c. maintain a healthy diet
d. move heavy objects
A
B
C
__A__ 41. Refer to the picture above. Which graph (A, B, or C) shows stabilizing selection in a population?
__C__ 42. Refer to the picture above. Which graph (A, B, or C) shows disruptive selection in a population?
__B__ 43. Refer to the picture above. Which graph (A, B, or C) shows directional selection in a population?
__C__ 44. Refer to the picture above. Which graph (A, B, or C) shows a population diverging (most likely
causing reproductive isolation)?
__A__ 45. Refer to the picture above. Which graph (A, B, or C) shows individuals with the average form of the
measured trait having higher fitness in the population?
Taxonomy (Chapter 17)
Matching: Write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase on the left.
_C___ 46. Kingdom
A. Sapiens
__F__ 47. Class
B. Hominidae
__H__ 48. Order
C. Animalia
_E___ 49. Phylum
D. Homo
__B__ 50. Family
E. Chordata
__G__ 51. Domain
F. Mammalia
__A__ 52. Species
G. Eukarya
__D__ 53. Genus
H. Primates
FOR QUESTIONS 9-16
____unicellular________54.
Organism made up of one cell
Multicellular
Eukaryote
____autotroph_________55.
Organism able to make its own food
Aristotle
Biname System
____eukaryote_________56.
Organism with true nuclei in their cells
Unicellular
Autotroph
__binomial nomenclature_57.
A two-word naming system
Linnaeus
Phylum
__taxonomy___________58.
The science of classifying organisms
Heterotroph
Prokaryote
___domain____________59.
The largest classification group
Binomial Nomenclature Biodiversity
___extremophile_______60.
Organism who lives in harsh environments
Taxonomy
Domain
____Aristotle__________61.
The first taxonomist
Extremophile
Species
Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
_B___62.The organisms that live in hostile environments that cannot support other forms of life are members of the
domain
a. Bacteria.
c. Eukarya.
b. Archaea.
d. None of the above.
_C___63. Ameobas and paramecia belong to the kingdom
a. Fungi.
c. Protista.
b. Plantae.
d. Archaea
_A___64. Mushrooms, yeasts, mildews, and some molds belong to the kingdom
a. Fungi.
c. Protista.
b. Plantae.
d. Eukarya.
_D___65. The domain that includes organisms with true nuclei in their cells is called
a. Bacteria.
c. Animalia.
b. Archaea.
d. Eukarya.
__B__66. The domain Eukarya includes
a. archae, protists, fungi, and plants.
b. protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
c. protists, fungi, eubacteria, and Archaea.
d. fungi, eubacteria, plants, and animals.
Fill in the blank: List the kingdom or give an example.
67. Animalia -- ___any animal_________________________
68. __Fungi_________________ -- molds, mildew, mushrooms
69. Protista -- ____amoeba, paramecia, algae, etc._____________
70. Eubacteria -- __streptococcus, staphylococcus, E. coli, etc___
71. _Plantae_____________ -- mosses, ferns, conifers
UNIT: Animal Kingdom
Part I: Animal Characteristics (Chapter 32)
True/False
1. ____True____________ All animals are multicellular.
2. ____True___________ All animals are heterotrophic.
3. ____False___________ Some animals have cell walls and chloroplasts.
4. ____False___________ There are only five phyla within the animal kingdom.
5. ____False___________ The cells of an animal all have the same function in the body.
6. ____True__________ An invertebrate animal does not have a backbone.
7. ____True___________ A bilaterally symmetric animal has similar left & and right halves.
8. ____False__________ All animals can move.
Part II: Animal Phyla (Chapters 33 – 36, end of 38)
Matching: Match only one letter to each question. You will use some choices more than once.
9. __B____ Includes snails, clams, and squid
A. Porifera
10. __A____ Includes the simplest animals, the sponges
B. Mollusca
11. __E____ All animals in this phylum have a dorsal nerve cord, notochord,
C. Arthropoda
pharyngeal pouches, and a post-anal tail at some point in their lives
12. __D____ Includes roundworms of the genus Trichinella & Ascaris
D. Nematoda
E. Chordata
13. __C____ Includes crabs, spiders, and insects
14. __E____ Includes all the vertebrate animals and some invertebrate animals
15. __E____ Includes fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals
Part III. Vertebrate Classes (Chapters 39 – 43)
16. What structure, out of the four that all chordates possess, develops into the spinal cord and brain of some
vertebrates?
dorsal nerve cord
17. What structure, out of the four that all chordates possess, develops into the backbone of some vertebrates?
notochord
18. There are three structures that all vertebrates possess. Name two of them.
endoskeleton, cranium, vertebrae a.k.a. backbone
Matching: Match the letter to the question. Some may have up to three answers.
19. ___A________ Includes jawless fish like hagfish and lampreys
A. Agnatha
20. ___E________ Includes cartilaginous fish like sharks, skates, and rays
B. Mammals
21. ___C________ Includes bony fish like lungfish, trout, and perch
C. Osteichthyes
22. ___D________ Includes turtles, lizards, snakes, and crocodiles
D. Reptilia
23. ___G________ Includes pelicans, hawks, and eagles
E. Chondrichthyes
24. ___F________ Includes frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
F. Amphibia
25. ___B________ Includes humans, whales, and deer
G. Aves
26. ___B________ Includes monotremes
27. ___G________ Vertebrates in this class are exclusively oviparous
28. ___B, G______ Includes endotherms
29. ___B, D, G___Includes vertebrates that have amniotic eggs
30. ___F________ Means “two lives”
31. ___G________ Includes vertebrates with the most efficient lungs
32. ___B, D, G__ Includes vertebrates that have 4 chambered hearts
Part IV. Amphibians (Chapter 40)
Multiple choice: Circle the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
33. An adult amphibian has how many chambers in its heart?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
34. An adult amphibian can use what two anatomical structures to breathe?
a. lungs/skin
b. gills/skin
c. gills/lungs
d. Both A & B
35. What structure produces bile in both amphibians and mammals?
a. liver
b. gall bladder
c. pancreas
36. Amphibians (as well as mammals) have a closed circulatory system. This means that
a. blood always remains in blood vessels.
b. blood leaves blood vessels and directly bathes organs in blood.
c. blood flows in a circuit.
d. blood is pumped to the lungs and body.
d. stomach
Part V. Mammals (Chapter 43)
37. We discussed many characteristics of mammals. List 3. (be specific)
a. _hair, specialized teeth, milk__________________________
b. _single lower jawbone_______________________________
c. _endotherm, positive pressure breathing, 4-chambered heart etc.__
Matching: Write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase on the left.
38. ___O___ Glands responsible for milk production
A. Alveoli
39. ___M___ Structure that attaches the fetus to the uterus for nutrient,
B. Peristalsis
waste, and gas exchange in this type of mammal
40. ___E___ Circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to body
capillaries
41. __F____ Circulation of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the
lung capillaries
42. ___A___ Structures of the lungs where gas exchange occurs with
capillaries
43. ___G___ The tiniest blood vessels where exchange of gases, nutrients,
and wastes occurs
C. Veins
D. Arteries
E. Systemic
F. Pulmonary
G. Capillaries
H. Trachea
I. Small intestine
J. Esophagus
K. Chemical
44. ___D___ Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart
L. Pancreas
45. ___C___ Blood vessels that take blood toward the heart
M. Placenta
46. __B____ Involuntary wave-like movement of the esophagus that pushes
N. Mechanical
food to the stomach
47. __M____ Digestion that breaks down food into smaller physical pieces
O. Mammary
P. Mouth
48. __K____ Digestion that uses enzymes to break food into smaller molecules Q. Diaphragm
49. ___L___ This accessory organ secretes enzymes into the small intestine
50. ___P___ Location of the enzyme salivary amylase and mastication
51. ___I___ This organ’s most important function is absorption of nutrients
52. ___Q___ This muscle increases or decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
allowing air to easily move in and out of airways
53. __H____ This tube takes air to the lungs
54. __J____ This tube takes food to the stomach
Part VI. Animal Behavior (Chapter 44)
Completion: Complete each sentence with terms from the word bank.
55. A(n) __FAP___________________ is what the eastern hognose snake completed when it “played dead” in
response to the presence of a predator.
56. Ethologists are biologists who study ____behavior____________________.
57. Learning to ignore the sounds, smells, and lights of a city as one falls asleep is an example of
___habituation_____________________.
58. Dogs that salivate in response to a bell have probably undergone ____classical____________ conditioning.
59. The development of behaviors through experience is called ___learning_____________________.
For Questions 55-59
Fixed action pattern (FAP)
Operant
Habituation
Aggressive behavior
Behavior
Reasoning (problem solving)
Rocks
Classical
Learning
60. The ability to analyze a problem and think of a possible solution is called ____reasoning_______________.
(Hint: Chimpanzees stacking boxes to retrieve bananas)
61. Learning that occurs only during a specific period early in the life of an animal is called
____imprinting____________________.
62. The regular seasonal movement observed in many bird species as well as Monarch butterflies is called
____migration____________________.
63. Animals that use alarm signals to alert others of an approaching predator are said to be helping their fellow
animal, but at the same time risking their own life. This type of behavior is called
____altruism____________________.
64. Cycles that follow a 24 hour time period (i.e. you are more alert between 7 am and 10 pm than 10pm and
7am) are called ____circadian____________________ rhythms.
For Questions 60-64
Annual
Operant
conditioning Cycles
Quiz: Energy
& Biogeochemical
Migration
Reasoning
Imprinting
Hibernation
Circadian
Trial & error
Altruism
UNIT: Ecology (Chapters 18-20)
Matching: Write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase on the left.
__C____ 1. Secondary consumer
A. Process of burning fossil fuels (releases CO2 into atmosphere)
__I____ 2. Producer
B. Plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots
___D___ 3. Transpiration
C. A bobcat that eats a rabbit
___J___ 4. Primary consumer
D. Process where water evaporates from leaves of plants
___A___ 5. Combustion
E. Process where decomposers convert wastes into NH3 & NH4
___H___ 6. Denitrification
F. Process where bacteria convert NH4 to NO2 & NO3
___E___ 7. Ammonification
G. Process where bacteria convert N2 to NO3
___F___ 8. Nitrification
H. Process where bacteria convert NO3 to N2
___G___ 9. Nitrogen fixation
I. Organism that makes organic compounds from CO2 & energy
___B___ 10. Legumes
J. A cow that eats grass
Multiple Choice: Circle the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
__A____ 11. As energy flows through an ecosystem from producer to consumer, energy
a. is lost
c. remains the same
b. is gained
d. None of the above
___A___ 12. The study of interactions of living things and their environment is
a. ecology
c. an ecosystem
b. a biosphere
d. biology
___A___ 13. An organism’s way of life, including how it obtains food and where it makes its shelter, is called its
a. niche
c. habitat
b. biosphere
d. ecosystem
___B___ 15. Transpiration and condensation are important components of the
a. nitrogen cycle
c. carbon cycle
b. water cycle
d. phosphorus cycle
___B___ 16. Deforestation promotes increased atmospheric CO2 levels because it decreases
a. cell respiration
c. combustion
b. photosynthesis
d. decomposition
___D___ 18. Fossil fuels
a. are formed from decayed organisms
b. include coal, oil, & natural gas
c. release CO2 when they are burned
d. All of the above
___C___ 19. Animals obtain nitrogen
a. through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
b. by absorbing NO3 and NH4 from the soil
c. from the proteins and nucleic acids in the organisms they consume
d. by absorbing N2 from the atmosphere
___A___ 20. The bacteria that does the exact opposite of nitrogen-fixing bacteria because it converts NO3 into
N2 is called
a. denitrifying bacteria
c. nitrifying bacteria
b. nitrogen-fixing bacteria
d. ammonification bacteria
___A___ 21. When a rabbit eats grass, what percentage of the energy in the grass is passed on to the rabbit?
a. 10%
c. 100%
b. 90%
d. 0%
___C___ 22. The organisms in an ecosystem are
a. organic factors
b. niches
c. biotic factors
d. abiotic factors
___D___ 23. Which of the following cycles does not occur within the atmosphere?
a. water cycle
c. nitrogen cycle
b. carbon cycle
d. phosphorus cycle
__A____ 25. All the salmon in the river make up a
a. population
b. community
c. habitat
d. niche
__A____ 26. The total number of individuals a population contains is its
a. population size
c. population ecology
b. population density
d. population interaction
__C____ 27. A dispersion pattern where individuals in a population are separated by a consistent distance is
a. clumped distribution
c. uniform distribution
b. random distribution
d. conformal distribution
__C__ 28. The saguaro cacti of the Sonoran Desert provide food, shelter, and protection for several species in the
community in which it lives, which is why it is called a
a. significant species
c. keystone species
b. pioneer species
d. invasive species
__A____ 29. A bird nesting in a tree is an example of what type of symbiotic relationship?
a. commensalism
c. mutualism
b. parasitism
d. individualism
___B___ 30. The number of individuals per unit of area or volume is a population’s
a. size
c. ecology
b. density
d. uniformity
__A____ 32. Ants living in the thorns of Acacia plants cut back competing vegetation. This is an example of
a. symbiosis
c. parasitism
b. competition
d. invasiveness
__D___ 33. A random distribution of individuals in a population would be most likely to result from which of the
following:
a. clumped food resources
b. territorial behavior by the individuals in the population
c. herding behavior by the individuals in the population
d. the dispersal of seeds by the wind
___B___ 34. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria & legumes are an example of what type of symbiosis?
a. commensalism
c. parasitism
b. mutualism
d. bacterialism
___B___ 35. Competition between individuals of different species is called
a. intraspecific competition
c. aggressive competition
b. interspecific competition
d. territorial competition
___B___ 36. A hawk hunts for mice during the day. An owl hunts for mice at night. These predators both live in
the same habitat. This is an example of
a. competitive exclusion
c. competitive elimination
b. resource partitioning
d. aggressive exclusion
___A___ 37. Purple Loosestrife is an invasive species from Europe that is an aggressive competitor for sunlight,
soil nutrients, water, and space, which leads to the extinction of many native plant species in the
community. This is an example of
a. competitive exclusion
c. competitive elimination
b. resource partitioning
d. aggressive exclusion
___C___ 38. An organism that has several offspring usually has what type of survivorship curve?
a. Type I
c. Type III
b. Type II
d. Type IV
__C____ 39. A population is shrinking in size when
a. its growth rate is equal to zero
b. its growth rate is positive
c. its growth rate is negative
d. the birth rate is higher than the death rate
___B___ 40. A population that grows slow when it is small and fast when it is large is experiencing
a. logistic growth
c. multiplying growth
b. exponential growth
d. carrying capacity
___A___ 41. A population whose growth is restrained by limiting factors experiences
a. logistic growth
c. limiting growth
b. exponential growth
d. restrained growth
___A___ 42. A population whose size fluctuates, but has an average growth rate of zero
a. has reached carrying capacity of the ecosystem.
b. has unlimited resources
c. does not experience competition
d. is unaffected by density-independent factors
___A___ 43. As a population increases in size and density, competition for resources increases and limits the
growth of the population. Therefore, competition is a
a. density-dependent limiting factor
b. density-independent limiting factor
c. density-increasing factor
d. density-decreasing factor