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Standard: MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. ALWAYS Copy & Answer the Bell Ringer!! Keep the bell ringer questions and answers in your notebook! Objective: 14.1.1 Describe the development of feudalism and manorialism. Bell Ringer: What are some problems with churches and members of churches today? (no names of churches or members please!) Manorialism—economic system used by those living at the manor working one for another So what was the only surviving institution that people had left to rely on during this time period? Exit ticket: Work alone answering these questions. Answer each question in a complete sentence. You have 20 minutes. 1. Why did the Roman Empire fall? 2. How did Feudalism and Manors develop over time? 3. Why did people stay on the manor? What did they get out of the arrangement? 4. Why did the Romans think that the Germanic tribes were barbaric and less civilized? 5. What was the only surviving institution after the fall of the Roman Empire? Why was it so important? 6. Write a sentence with each showing that you know the meaning: feudalism, manor, Germanic tribes, Catholic church, hierarchy Standard: MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. Obj: 14.1.2 Describe the reforms of the Catholic church. Bellringer: What are the two main reasons why the Roman Empire fell? What was the people’s only hope in? The Power of the Church SECTION 4 The Structure of the Church • • • • The church was the most powerful institution in Medieval Europe Power within Church is organized by status; pope in Rome headed the church Clergy—religious officials—includes bishops, priests, and others Bishops supervise priests, settle Church disputes Religion as a Unifying Force • While Feudalism and the manor divided the people, religion joined them together • Church gave a sense of belonging and security in a time of chaos Continued . . . • Clergy administers the sacraments—rites to achieve salvation • Village church is place of worship and celebration NEXT Answer with a partner verbally… 1. How is your church organized? Is there a hierarchy? How is it arranged? 2. How is achieving salvation for the Roman Catholics in 1000AD different than achieving salvation for Christians in today’s time? Or is it? continued The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church SECTION 4 The Law of the Church • The Church has system of justice to guide people’s conduct called Canon Law which all medieval Christians were expected to obey • Canon law governs marriages and religious practices; courts judged people • Popes have power over political leaders through threat of - excommunication—banishment from Church, denial of salvation - interdiction—denied sacraments and services, denial of salvation • Kings and emperors expected to obey pope’s commands NEXT Discuss with a partner… How does your church deal with people who don’t follow the rules? How did the Roman Catholic church during the Middle Ages deal with people who didn’t follow the rules? Church Reform and the Crusades SECTION The Age of Faith 1 Problems in the Church • Priests were nearly illiterate and could not read the Bible (Latin) Reformers were concerned with 3 main problems: 1. Many village priests were getting married even though the Church objects 2. Bishops were practicing simony—selling religious offices 3. Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops; Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops Spiritual Revival • Starting in 900s, monasteries help bring about a spiritual revival • Reformers wanted to return to the basic principles of Christian religion. Continued . . . NEXT continued The Age of Faith SECTION 1 Dominic New Religious Orders • Dominican (scholars) and Franciscan (loved animals) orders form • Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor • Some new orders for women are founded NEXT Answer these with your partner verbally… 1. What were the major problems with the Catholic church that caused them to want reform? 2. Did church officials during this time period have a lot of power? How would you compare their power to church officials today? 3. What people go door-to-door to share the word today that would remind us of the friars of the Middle Ages? Early Cathedrals Cathedrals—Cities of God • Between 800–1100, churches are built in Romanesque style • Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches SECTION 1 NEXT A New Style of Church Architecture • • • • Gothic style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270 Exit Ticket 1. Why was this time period called the Age of Faith? 2. What were the major problems with the church that reformers wanted to change? What were other problems? 3. How did the church function as a kingdom or system of government like feudalism? 4. How were Romanesque and Gothic architecture similar and different? 5. How did the architecture of Gothic cathedrals inspire reverence for God? Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.3 Summarize the causes of the Crusades. BR: Would you be willing to go on a holy crusade if you were living back in the Middle Ages? Why or why not? Let’s review before we start… Write a sentence with each showing that you know the meaning: reform, reformer, sacraments, excommunication, interdiction, simony, lay investiture, friars, What are the differences between Romanesque Style and Gothic Style cathedrals? Fill in the blanks! Pope Cardinal Archbishop Bishop Priest Onwards to the Crusades! What do you think a crusade is? Why do you think the pope would want to send a bunch of knights on crusade? continued Beliefs and Practices of Islam SECTION Links to Judaism and Christianity • To Muslims, Allah is same God worshiped by Christians and Jews • Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain God’s will as revealed through others • Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham—Jesus and Jews have lineage through Issac—Muslims have lineage through Ishmael—both are Abraham’s sons by different moms • All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment 1 NEXT Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades. BR: How is Abraham the father of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity? The Beginning of the Crusades SECTION 1 • In 1093, Byzantine emperor asks for help fighting the Turks because they were blocking the passage to the Holy Land for pilgrimages • Pope Urban II issues a call for a Crusade—a “holy war” Goals of the Crusades • Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite Christianity • Kings use the Crusades to send away knights who cause trouble (knights go to get forgiveness of sins and a place in Heaven) • Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting • Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth through trade NEXT continued The SECTION Crusades 1 The First and Second Crusades • • • • • • Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven First Crusade: three armies gather at Constantinople in 1097 Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099 Captured lands along coast divided into four Crusader states Muslims take back Edessa in 1144; Second Crusade fails to retake it In 1187 Saladin—Muslim leader and Kurdish warrior—retakes Jerusalem Continued . . . NEXT continued The SECTION Crusades 1 The Third Crusade • • • • • • Third Crusade led by three powerful rulers One is Richard the Lion-Hearted—king of England Phillip II of France abandons Crusade after arguing with Richard Frederick I of Germany drowns during the journey In 1192 Richard and Saladin make peace after many battles Saladin keeps Jerusalem but allows Christian pilgrims to enter city Saladin Richard the Lion-Hearted Philip II of France NEXT Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades. BR: What three kings led the 3rd crusade? Later Crusades The Crusading Spirit Dwindles • Fourth Crusade: Crusaders loot Constantinople in 1204 • Two other Crusades strike Egypt, but fail to weaken Muslims SECTION 1 The Children’s Crusade • In 1212 thousands of children die or are enslaved in failed crusade A Spanish Crusade • Most of Spain controlled by Moors, a Muslim people • Christians fight Reconquista—drive Muslims from Spain, 1100 to 1492 • Spain has Inquisition—court to suppress heresy; expels non-Christians NEXT Before the Crusades… • Everyone lived on a manor • All manors were self-sufficient and trade did not happen much • Everyone on the manor depended on each other After the Crusades… • Cultural Diffusion (spread of ideas and products between Asia, Europe, and Africa) caused the merchants to seek trade • Exchange of luxury goods like silk, spices, and ivory • Changes in navigation—shipbuilding, accurate maps, astrolabe, compass • Now using Algebra • Science improved in chemistry, astronomy (telescopes) • Trade led to a money economy • using coins and with banks loaning money • Merchants and bankers made a new middle class • Cities began to grow because of trade • Feudal Power Changed • Pope lost his power because of failed crusades • Nobles/lords lost power because they sold property to go on the crusades and serfs were freed • Kings gained power and raised taxes to create armies The Effects of the Crusades One lasting effect even until today SECTION 1 • Crusades create lasting bitterness between Muslims and Christians • Look at terrorism and 9/11 NEXT Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the causes and effects of the Crusades. BR: Grab a workbook off of the bookshelf. Turn to Chapter 14 Section 1. 1. Read through Chapter 14 Section 1 in the workbook and answer questions on pages 129-130 on your bellringer paper. 2. Get your textbook and review Chapter 14 section 1. Prepare for a quiz! Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the causes and effects of the Crusades. BR: What are two lasting effects of the crusades? Causes: Why did it happen? Event Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade. There was an outpouring of support for the First Crusade. Four feudal Crusader states were formed, each ruled by a European noble. Jerusalem remained under Muslim control, though unarmed Christian pilgrims could visit the city’s holy places. In Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand used the Inquisition to suppress heretics. European kings strengthened their own power as a result of the Crusades. Effects: What happened as a result? Standards: MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration, including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans. MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe. MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods throughout Europe. Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades. BR: How was trade improved during and after the crusades? Choose one of the following... Option 1: You are a knight who has just returned to Europe after the Crusades in the Holy Land. Option 2: You are a merchant who has been moving and selling to crusaders as they travel and you are returning home after the crusades. Option 3: You are a noble or king (one who used to own a manor) returning home to Europe from the crusades. Compose a letter (at least half a page)pretending to be one of the above (a knight, merchant, or noble/King) to a family member who is far away at home. Tell your family member how the crusades is changing lives of people in the Middle Ages. Talk about before the crusades and after the crusades. (include the effects of the crusades but make it personal!!)