Download Ch 14 sec 1 - Marlboro County High School

Standard: MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of towns
on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
ALWAYS Copy & Answer the Bell Ringer!!
Keep the bell ringer questions and
answers in your notebook!
Objective: 14.1.1 Describe the development of
feudalism and manorialism.
Bell Ringer: What are some problems with
churches and members of churches today? (no
names of churches or members please!)
Manorialism—economic
system used by those
living at the manor
working one for another
So what was the only surviving institution that
people had left to rely on during this time
period?
Exit ticket: Work alone answering these questions.
Answer each question in a complete sentence. You
have 20 minutes.
1. Why did the Roman Empire fall?
2. How did Feudalism and Manors develop over time?
3. Why did people stay on the manor? What did they get out
of the arrangement?
4. Why did the Romans think that the Germanic tribes were
barbaric and less civilized?
5. What was the only surviving institution after the fall of the
Roman Empire? Why was it so important?
6. Write a sentence with each showing that you know the
meaning: feudalism, manor, Germanic tribes, Catholic
church, hierarchy
Standard: MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal
institutions and the spread of towns on the transmission of goods, people, and
ideas in Europe.
Obj: 14.1.2 Describe the reforms of the Catholic
church.
Bellringer: What are the two main reasons why
the Roman Empire fell? What was the
people’s only hope in?
The Power of the Church
SECTION
4
The Structure of the Church
•
•
•
•
The church was the most powerful institution in Medieval Europe
Power within Church is organized by status; pope in Rome headed the church
Clergy—religious officials—includes bishops, priests, and others
Bishops supervise priests, settle Church disputes
Religion as a Unifying Force
• While Feudalism and the manor divided the people, religion joined
them together
• Church gave a sense of belonging and security in a time of chaos
Continued . . .
• Clergy administers the sacraments—rites to achieve salvation
• Village church is place of worship and celebration
NEXT
Answer with a partner verbally…
1. How is your church organized? Is there a hierarchy?
How is it arranged?
2. How is achieving salvation for the Roman Catholics in
1000AD different than achieving salvation for Christians
in today’s time? Or is it?
continued The
Far-Reaching Authority of the Church
SECTION
4
The Law of the Church
• The Church has system of justice to guide people’s conduct called Canon
Law which all medieval Christians were expected to obey
• Canon law governs marriages and religious practices; courts judged people
• Popes have power over political leaders through threat of
- excommunication—banishment from Church, denial of salvation
- interdiction—denied sacraments and services, denial of salvation
• Kings and emperors expected to obey pope’s commands
NEXT
Discuss with a partner…
How does your church deal with people who don’t follow
the rules?
How did the Roman Catholic church during the Middle
Ages deal with people who didn’t follow the rules?
Church Reform and the Crusades
SECTION
The Age of Faith
1
Problems in the Church
• Priests were nearly illiterate and could not read the Bible (Latin)
Reformers were concerned with 3 main problems:
1. Many village priests were getting married even though the Church objects
2. Bishops were practicing simony—selling religious offices
3. Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops; Reformers believe only the
Church should appoint bishops
Spiritual Revival
• Starting in 900s,
monasteries help bring
about a spiritual revival
• Reformers wanted to
return to the basic
principles of Christian
religion.
Continued . . .
NEXT
continued The
Age of Faith
SECTION
1
Dominic
New Religious Orders
• Dominican (scholars) and Franciscan (loved animals) orders form
• Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor
• Some new orders for women are founded
NEXT
Answer these with your partner verbally…
1. What were the major problems with the Catholic church
that caused them to want reform?
2. Did church officials during this time period have a lot of
power? How would you compare their power to church
officials today?
3. What people go door-to-door to share the word today that
would remind us of the friars of the Middle Ages?
Early Cathedrals
Cathedrals—Cities of God
• Between 800–1100, churches are built in Romanesque style
• Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches
SECTION
1
NEXT
A New Style of Church Architecture
•
•
•
•
Gothic style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths
Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches
Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures
About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270
Exit Ticket
1. Why was this time period called the Age of Faith?
2. What were the major problems with the church that
reformers wanted to change? What were other problems?
3. How did the church function as a kingdom or system of
government like feudalism?
4. How were Romanesque and Gothic architecture similar
and different?
5. How did the architecture of Gothic cathedrals inspire
reverence for God?
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.3 Summarize the causes of the
Crusades.
BR: Would you be willing to go on a holy
crusade if you were living back in the Middle
Ages? Why or why not?
Let’s review before we start…
Write a sentence with each showing that
you know the meaning: reform, reformer,
sacraments, excommunication,
interdiction, simony, lay investiture, friars,
What are the differences between
Romanesque Style and Gothic Style
cathedrals?
Fill in the blanks!
Pope
Cardinal
Archbishop
Bishop
Priest
Onwards to the Crusades!
What do you think a crusade is?
Why do you think the pope would want to
send a bunch of knights on crusade?
continued Beliefs
and Practices of Islam
SECTION
Links to Judaism and Christianity
• To Muslims, Allah is same God worshiped by Christians and Jews
• Qur’an, Gospels, Torah—contain God’s will as revealed through
others
• Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham—Jesus
and Jews have lineage through Issac—Muslims have lineage
through Ishmael—both are Abraham’s sons by different moms
• All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment
1
NEXT
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the
Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades.
BR: How is Abraham the father of Islam,
Judaism, and Christianity?
The Beginning of the Crusades
SECTION
1
• In 1093, Byzantine emperor asks for help fighting the Turks because they
were blocking the passage to the Holy Land for pilgrimages
• Pope Urban II issues a call for a Crusade—a “holy war”
Goals of the Crusades
• Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite Christianity
• Kings use the Crusades to send away knights who cause trouble (knights go to get
forgiveness of sins and a place in Heaven)
• Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting
• Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth through trade
NEXT
continued The
SECTION
Crusades
1
The First and Second Crusades
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven
First Crusade: three armies gather at Constantinople in 1097
Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099
Captured lands along coast divided into four Crusader states
Muslims take back Edessa in 1144; Second Crusade fails to retake it
In 1187 Saladin—Muslim leader and Kurdish warrior—retakes Jerusalem
Continued . . .
NEXT
continued The
SECTION
Crusades
1
The Third Crusade
•
•
•
•
•
•
Third Crusade led by three powerful rulers
One is Richard the Lion-Hearted—king of England
Phillip II of France abandons Crusade after arguing with Richard
Frederick I of Germany drowns during the journey
In 1192 Richard and Saladin make peace after many battles
Saladin keeps Jerusalem but allows Christian pilgrims to enter city
Saladin
Richard the Lion-Hearted
Philip II of France
NEXT
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the
Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades.
BR: What three kings led the 3rd crusade?
Later Crusades
The Crusading Spirit Dwindles
• Fourth Crusade: Crusaders loot Constantinople in 1204
• Two other Crusades strike Egypt, but fail to weaken Muslims
SECTION
1
The Children’s Crusade
• In 1212 thousands of children die or are enslaved in failed crusade
A Spanish Crusade
• Most of Spain controlled by Moors, a Muslim people
• Christians fight Reconquista—drive Muslims from Spain, 1100 to 1492
• Spain has Inquisition—court to suppress heresy; expels non-Christians
NEXT
Before the Crusades…
• Everyone lived on a manor
• All manors were self-sufficient and trade did not happen much
• Everyone on the manor depended on each other
After the Crusades…
• Cultural Diffusion (spread of ideas and products between Asia,
Europe, and Africa) caused the merchants to seek trade
• Exchange of luxury goods like silk, spices, and ivory
• Changes in navigation—shipbuilding, accurate maps,
astrolabe, compass
• Now using Algebra
• Science improved in chemistry, astronomy (telescopes)
• Trade led to a money economy
• using coins and with banks loaning money
• Merchants and bankers made a new middle class
• Cities began to grow because of trade
• Feudal Power Changed
• Pope lost his power because of failed crusades
• Nobles/lords lost power because they sold property to go on
the crusades and serfs were freed
• Kings gained power and raised taxes to create armies
The Effects of the Crusades
One lasting effect even until today
SECTION
1
• Crusades create lasting bitterness between Muslims and Christians
• Look at terrorism and 9/11
NEXT
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the causes and
effects of the Crusades.
BR: Grab a workbook off of the bookshelf. Turn to Chapter
14 Section 1.
1. Read through Chapter 14 Section 1 in the workbook and
answer questions on pages 129-130 on your bellringer
paper.
2. Get your textbook and review Chapter 14 section 1.
Prepare for a quiz!
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the causes and
effects of the Crusades.
BR: What are two lasting effects of the crusades?
Causes: Why did it happen?
Event
Pope Urban II issued a call
for a Crusade.
There was an outpouring of
support for the First
Crusade.
Four feudal Crusader
states were formed, each
ruled by a European noble.
Jerusalem remained under
Muslim control, though
unarmed Christian pilgrims
could visit the city’s holy
places.
In Spain, Isabella and
Ferdinand used the
Inquisition to suppress
heretics.
European kings
strengthened their own
power as a result of the
Crusades.
Effects: What happened
as a result?
Standards:
MWH-1.2 Explain the impact of the Crusades and the Renaissance on European exploration,
including the significance of humanism, the revival of learning, and the transfer of knowledge about
sailing and ancient philosophy from the Arabs to the Europeans.
MWH 1.4 Evaluate the impact of the collapse of European feudal institutions and the spread of
towns on the transmission of goods, people, and ideas in Europe.
MWH-1.5 Explain how the development of banks in Europe influenced the transfer of goods
throughout Europe.
Objective: 14.1.4 Summarize the effects of the
Crusades. Identify the goals of the crusades.
BR: How was trade improved during and after
the crusades?
Choose one of the following...
Option 1: You are a knight who has just returned to Europe after the
Crusades in the Holy Land.
Option 2: You are a merchant who has been moving and selling to crusaders
as they travel and you are returning home after the crusades.
Option 3: You are a noble or king (one who used to own a manor) returning
home to Europe from the crusades.
Compose a letter (at least half a page)pretending to be one of the
above (a knight, merchant, or noble/King) to a family member who
is far away at home. Tell your family member how the crusades is
changing lives of people in the Middle Ages. Talk about before the
crusades and after the crusades. (include the effects of the
crusades but make it personal!!)