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Where is Italy? It is a boot-shaped peninsula that extends south from Europe into the Mediterranean sea Legend of Rome/Story of Romulus and Remus Location: Asia Minor Greeks of Italy, Latins, and Etruscans Government: Monarchy: Lucius Tarquinius Republic Gov’t in which the people chose their leaders Consuls (2) Administrators had the power to Veto Senate 300 Patricians, made laws elected consuls Tribunes Protected the rights of the Plebeians Corvus Mirror Hamilcar Barca Hannibal Barca “I swear as soon as age will permit, I will follow the Romans both at sea and on land, I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome”. Battle of Cannae Battle of Zama “Let us relieve the Romans of their anxiety for they are to impatient to wait for an old man to die”. Punic Wars First Punic War Causes •Romans wanted granaries •Control of Mediterranean Sea •Carthage invades Syracuse •Alliances Military Strength Events Results •Legions – Roman Army •Carthage - Navy •Navel attack upon Carthage •Rome conquers Sicily •Mercenaries revolt against Carthage •Hamilcar Barca •Roman’s Army fought hand to hand combat upon ships Second Punic •Carthaginians wanted control War •Carthage led by Gen Hannibal of Barca •Elephants, catapults and mirrors •Hannibal crosses •Rome gets Spain Pyrenees and & Carthages Alps into Rome territories •Battle of Cannae and Battle of Zama •Carthage regains power •Rome is threatened •Rome – Legions & Navy •Rome used fire •Rome blocked off the city •Rome burnt Carthage and plowed salt int0 ground •Revenge •Hannibal “hated” Rome Third Punic War •Rome gains Carthage •Rome becomes Mediterranean power Reformers: Tiberius Gracchus Tribune and limited the amount of land someone could own Gaius Gracchus Tribune and sell the wheat at a cheaper price Sulla Made himself dictator- absolute ruler Triumvirate Three people with equal power Who were the members of the first triumvirate? 1. Julius Caesar 2. Crassus 3. Pompeius There is no turning back…..Caesar attacks Rome “Veni, Vidi, Vici” I came, I saw, I conquered…..Caesar Caesar’s Refoms: Increased size of Senate, extended Roman citizenship, and increased pay for soldiers Beware of the Ides of March- March 15, 44 B.C. Caesar was stabbed by Brutus and Cassius “Et tu Brute”: And you, Brutus Who were the members of the Second Triumvirte? 1. Mark Antony 2. Marcus Lepidus 3. Octavian Caesar Octavian’s Rise To Power: Lepidus is killed in the desert Mark Antony joins with Cleopatra Battle of Actium: Sea battle Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra “ I have found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble”. List the reforms of Augustus Caesar: 1. complete authority over the military 2. select people on their talent than birth 3. reorganized the boundaries 4. governors long term offices 5. ordered a census Pax Romana- 200 years of Roman peace Tiberius- reformed taxes Caligula- built aqueducts Claudius- conquered England Nero- rebuilt Rome after fire Vespasian- brought people from the provinces into the Senate Trajan- provide low cost loans Hadrian- built the wall to keep the Barbarians out of the Empire Marcus Aurelius- outstanding military commander 1. no written rule about who was to inherit the throne upon the emperor’s death 2. gave high wages to the soldiers, which meant higher taxes 3. German tribes invading the empire 4. trade declined 5. inflation Who were the members of the Tarquin family? What was the story of Romulus and Remus? Dictatorship What are the two social classes in Rome? Republic Senate Veto Praetors Censors- Legions Where is Carthage? Latins- How did the Roman’s use the corvus? Explain the Second Punic War: What were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus’s reforms? Who were the members of the first triumvirate? Julius Caesar“Veni, Vidi, Vici” Ides of MarchWho were the members of the second triumvirate? What happened at Actium? Explain: “ I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble”. Nero Hadrian Pax Romana