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Transcript
Unit 6: Evolution Name: _______________________________________ Aim #44 Variation: What are some sources of genetic variation in a population? Date: __________________ How does genetic variation lead to evolution? Directions: Read “Aim 44: Sources of Genetic Variation Reading” pages (1 and 2) and answer the following questions. I. Pg. 1: Sources of Variation (How do organisms vary from their parents?) 1. What determines all the inherited characteristics of an individual? 2. The genes of which type of cells get passed on to the offspring? ____________ cells 3. So, does a father who has built huge muscles (muscle cells), due to exercise, pass on those large muscles to his offspring? Explain why or why not (refer to your answer for # 2). 4. How can an organism wind up with genes that differ from those of its parents? Explain both reasons why this can occur. II. Pg. 1: Mutation (How do mutations affect individuals?) 5. Define mutation: 6. Which type of cell does a mutation have to occur in to only affect that individual and not his/her offspring? ___________ cell 7. In sexually reproducing organisms, only changes in the genes of ________ cells can be passed to the next __________________________________ and the basis for _____________________ ___________________________. III. 8. Can mutations be positive, negative, or both. _________________________________ 9. Provide an example of a mutation and explain why the mutation is positive or negative. Pg. 1: Genetic Shuffling 10. Why do siblings (if you have any) all look different? 11. Explain why sexual reproduction is similar to shuffling two decks of cards? IV. Pg. 1: The Results of Genetic Variation 12. Identify the three types of variation (changes) within a species that can lead to evolution? ____________________, ______________________________, ________________________ 1 V. Pg. 2: Structural Change 13. Describe an example of a structural change in an animal that led to evolution? Why was this change beneficial? 14. Now that you have learned about an example of a structural change, explain what a structural change is. VI. Pg. 2: Functional Change 15. Describe an example of a functional change in an animal that led to evolution? Why was this change beneficial? 16. Now that you have learned about an example of a functional change, explain what a functional change is. VII. Pg. 2: Behavioral Change 17. Describe an example of a behavioral change in an animal that led to evolution? Why was this change beneficial? 18. Now that you have learned about an example of a behavioral change, explain what a behavioral change is. VIII. Pg. 2: The Importance of Variation 19 If environmental changes occur, what could happen? 20. Why is it better to have variation within a species instead of every individual being the same? 21. Why are scientists concerned about endangered species? 2 22. Which statement is basic to the theory of evolution by natural selection? a. In general, living organisms maintain a constant population from generation to generation b. Changes in living organisms are almost completely the result of mutations c. Natural variations are inherited d. There is little competition between species 28. Which two factors provide the genetic basis for variation within many species? a. Asexual reproduction and meiosis b. Mutations and sexual reproduction c. Competition and the synthesis of proteins d. Ecological succession and mitosis 23. Which statement is not included as part of our modern understanding of evolution? a. Sexual reproduction and mutations provide variation among offspring b. Traits are transmitted by genes and chromosomes c. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive d. New organs are formed when organisms need them 29. Which statement best describes a current understanding of natural selection? a. Natural selection influences the frequency of an adaptation in a population b. Natural selection has been discarded as an important concept in evolution c. Changes in gene frequencies due to natural selection have little effect on the evolution of species d. New mutations of genetic material are due to natural selection 24. A new chemical was discovered and introduced into a culture containing one species of bacteria. Within a day, most of the bacteria were dead, but a few remained alive. Which statement best explains why some of the bacteria survived? a. They had a genetic variation that gave them resistance to the chemical b. They were exposed to the chemical long enough to develop a resistance to it c. They mutated and became a different species after exposure to the chemical d. They absorbed the chemical and broke it down in their digestive systems 30. The Florida panther, a member of the cat family, has a population of fewer than 100 individuals and has limited genetic variation. Which inference based on this information is valid? a. These animals will begin to evolve rapidly b. Overtime, these animals will become less likely to survive in a changing environment c. These animals are easily able to adapt to the environment d. Over time, these animals will become more likely to be resistant to disease 25. Sexual reproduction is related to evolution because sexual reproduction a. Occurs only in more recently evolved forms of animal life b. Increases the chances of extinction of different species c. Increases the chances for variations to occur d. Is the more usual kind of reproduction 31. Which statement could be used as evidence to show that two different species of organisms most likely developed forma single common ancestor? a. They eat the same types of food b. They have different digestive enzymes c. They have similar amino acid sequences d. They lived during the same time period 26. Mutations can be transmitted to the next generation if they are present in a. Hormones b. Gametes c. Body cells d. Muscle cells 32. In most populations, the individuals that produce the greatest number of offspring are a. Always the strongest b. Usually the best adapted c. Those that have only inheritable traits d. Those that are the most intelligent 27. Which characteristic of a population would most likely indicate the lowest potential for evolutionary change in that population? a. Sexual reproduction and few mutations b. Sexual reproduction and many mutations c. Asexual reproduction and few mutations d. Asexual reproductions and many mutations 33. The modern theory of evolution states that a basis for variation within a species is provided by a. Mutations b. Asexual reproduction c. Cloning d. Overproduction 3 Aim 44: Sources of Genetic Variation Reading 1 2