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Transcript
Introduction to Blood Typing Read: The Forensics of Blood article, “Whose Blood is it?” page 2 ◦ Answer questions on page 3 of “Do Now” packet! Questions from Friday 3/2/2012 #’s 1-6 only A B AB O Defined based on which proteins are present on the surface of RBCs. Type A: contain A antigens on RBCs. Type B: contain B antigens on RBCs. What makes a person type AB? Type AB: Both A & B antigens on RBCs What makes a person type 0? Type O: no antigens on RBCs Add proteins called antibodies to a blood sample. What 2 antibodies do forensic scientists use to determine blood type? What are antibodies supposed to do? Anti A and Anti-B antibodies, which bind to A & B antigens respectively Antibodies can be used instantly to determine blood type of blood present at a crime scene and from potential suspects. What must be done with the blood to confirm whether a suspect is the actual criminal? DNA tests! Karl Landsteiner discovered that there are four different types of human blood based on the presence of specific antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. 1940: Landsteiner and Weiner reported the discovery of Rh factor by studying the blood of the Rhesus monkey. Antigens: ◦ Substances that trigger an immune response ◦ Can stimulate the body to make antibodies ◦ Certain antigens (proteins) found on a RBCs membrane account for blood type. Antibody: a substance that reacts with an antigen will recognize and attack foreign molecules that may enter from the outside world. A person's plasma does not contain any antibodies that will bind to molecules that are part of his or her own body Human Blood Types: 2:54 ◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN--_z9eyJU ◦ http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-aboutblood/blood-types O: Universal Donors: ◦ There are NO molecules on the surface to trigger an immune response AB: Universal Recipients: ◦ Do not have antibodies that will recognize type A/B surface molecules. ABO blood system: O can only receive blood from: O A can receive blood from: A and O B can receive blood from: B and O AB can receive blood from: AB, A, B and O Rh blood system Rh+ can receive blood from: Rh+ and RhRh- can receive blood from: Rh- Take out “Blood Basics” sheet Today: ◦ Quick review ◦ Finish blood typing ppt ◦ Testing tutorial simulation Rhesus factor: certain blood protein discovered while studying Rhesus monkeys. The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is known as the Rh factor. Rh+: has the protein Rh-: does not have the protein http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medi cine/bloodtypinggame/2.html http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medi cine/bloodtypinggame/index.html Investigators will use anti-A and anti-B serums to see which causes clumping Blood Type Anti-Serum Results A A Clumps B B Clumps AB A or B Clumps O A or B No Clumps