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LYSSAVIRUS SP.
An introduction
ORIGINS
Caused by: Lyssavirus
rabies or Australian bat
lyssavirus
 Viral in nature
 Extremely wide host range:
 Grown in culture from mammals,
birds, reptiles and insects
 Genus: Lyssavirus
 Family: Rhabdoviridae
 Classified by: enveloped, single
stranded RNA genome with
Negative-sense
99% of rabies cases worldwide are
caused by dog bites.
In North America, most cases are caused
by infected bats.
95% of all human deaths occur in Asia
and Africa, where vaccine and
preventative measures are often
unavailable.
All Extant rabies viruses thought to have
evolved within the last 1500 years
 Seven genotypes of rabies exist
 Genotype 1 is thought to have evolved in
Europe and spread to Asia, Africa and the
Americas through colonization
 Bat rabies in North America is thought have
existed in 1281 CE
TRANSMISSION
Transmitted through the bite or scratch of
an infected animal or individual that
comes in contact with infected saliva.
 Direct contact of saliva to mucous
membranes can also cause infection
On Average incubation is 1-3 months in
human cases, though can be as little as
less than one week to more than one year.
Phases of infection:
Initial: pain and fever, unusual tingling,
prickling or burning sensation at the
wound site
Two Possibilities:
Furious Rabies: hyperactivity,
hydrophobia, (sometimes) aerophobia
Paralytic Rabies: gradual paralyzation
starting from wound site, coma
LIFE CYCLE
•Enters host cells through endosomal transport pathway,
where low pH value starts membrane fusion.
• Viral gene then reaches cytosol
• Virus multiplies within the cell
•Virus travels from the wound site to the brain
• Expands to nerves and spinal cord
•Large concentrations of virus aggregate in salivary glands
& cheeks
• To be further spread by projectile salivation
•Fatality may occur from two days – five years past
infection
• Most infected mammals die within fourteen days
FOAMING HYDROPHOBA – A RABIES BLOG
http://www.foaminghydrophobia.wordpress.com
SOURCES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP)
World Health Organization (WHO) , 2016 Mediccentre Factsheet, Rabies Virus
McElhinney, L. M.; Marston, D. A.; Stankov, S; Tu, C.; Black, C.; Johnson, N.; Jiang, Y.; Tordo, N.;
Müller, T.; Fooks, A. R. (2008). "Molecular epidemiology of lyssaviruses in Eurasia". Dev Biol
(Basel). 131: 125–131
“Rabies". University of Northern British Columbia. Retrieved 2016. 08/20
CARTER John, SAUNDERS Venetia - Virology : Principles and Applications – Page:175 – 2007
– John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ,
England
Finke S, Conzelmann KK (August 2005). "Replication strategies of rabies virus". Virus Res. 111
(2): 120–131