Download CNS infection

CNS INFECTION
Prepare by :Abeer AL-sayeg
CNS infection
CNS including brain and spinal cord
The infection of CNS by both bacteria and virus
The infection is fatal and may be cause mortality if not
treated in early stage of infection
Neisseria menigitidis meningitis
Neisseria menigitidis is gram negative
diplococcus that may be found with in
polymorphonuclear leukocyte about 20% of
the population carry this bacteria in the
oropharynx
It is fatal and relatively high risk period for any
individual
Symptoms
Petechial
Septicaemia
Endotoxin shook
Intracerebral bleeding
Diagnoses
Blood stained CSF sample
Virulence Factors
capsule (anti- phagocytic)
Lipo-oligosaccharide(LOS)
Endotoxine
IGA protease
Diagnostic Factors
Diplococci in spinal fluid (gram stain)
Gram negative coffe-bean shaped diplococci
Growth on thayer martin media
Oxidase positive
transmitted
colonizes mucosal surfaces of N. meningitidis
nasopharynx and is transmitted through
direct contact with large droplet respiratory
secretions from the patients or
asymptomatic carriers. Humans are the only
host
Treatment
Penicillin or third-generation cephalosporin
that may be combined with chloramphenicol
grouping of meningococci is based on
antigenic structure of its capsule .
There avaccin protect against gp A and C but
not effect against gp B .
Heamophilus influenzae b maningitiis
Encapsulated strain of plemorphic gram
negative
pathogenes
Respiratory tract
May be spread via blood stream from
respiratory tract to the brain
Nerological damge
preventation
Infant from 3-4 months are protect from
infection by their inhierited maternal antibodies and by age of 3-4 years children will
have their own anti-bodies .
Vaccing has been develop to protect infant it
is given at 2-3 and 4 months age (with other
vaccine)
Treatment
Ampicillin if isolated not produce b-lactmase
-athired generation cephalosporin or
chloramphenicol.
-close contact of children with haemophilus
mengitis should receive rifampicin to prevent
secondary occuringn.
Virus infection
Rabies:
Old name of Rabies is hydrophobia.
Rabies is an invariably fatal infection of
human acquired from the bite of an infected
mammal
Virus infection
Rabies is a disease caused by a virus that can
affected of CNS of any kind of mammal,
including humans .
Animals that are infected with rabies can
spread the disease through their saliva or
brain matter. People may be exposed to
rabies when bitten by an infected wild or
domestic animal.
for rabies is 4 to incubation period The typical
6 weeks. During the incubation period, there
.are usually no symptoms of rabies
Early symptoms include pain and numbness at the site of the bite
symptoms
Sore throat .
Fever.
Headache.
Muscle spasm .
Convulsion .
In ability of patients with rabies to swallow dye to
damage to the nerves that control swallowing .
symptoms
Later symptoms are more distinctive and may
include
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Delirium
paralysis
diagnosed
.Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test:this
common, rapid test detects the rabies virus
protein. DFA testing is done by taking a
sample of tissue from the potentially
.affected area
diagnosed
.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay
This test detects the genetic material (DNA)
of the rabies virus proteins. PCR testing is
,very accurate and can be done on saliva
.or tissue ,cerebrospinal fluid
treated
Once rabies symptoms appear, the disease
progresses rapidly, and there is no cure. If
medical treatment is provided before
symptoms develop, the virus almost always
is eliminated before it can cause serious
damage. Medical treatment for rabies
includes:
treated
Wound care
If you are bitten by an animal, clean the
wound immediately with plenty of soap and
.water to reduce the risk of infection
treated
vaccinations known as postexposure
prophylaxis (PEP). The vaccinations help
the body's immune system destroy the
disease in its early stages. When the
vaccinations are given before more serious
symptoms appear, they usually prevent
infection from developing
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