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Transcript
The Characteristic of Living Things 7th grade science All living things share important characteristics • • • • • • Cellular organization Contain similar chemicals Use Energy Respond to their surroundings Grow and Develop Reproduce Cellular Organization • all organisms are made up of small building blocks called cells. Organisms can be composed of only one cell or many cells Unicellular – single-celled organism (Bacteria) Multicellular - composed of many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks (Brain Cells) You are made of trillions of cells. Specialized cells in your body such as muscle and nerve cells, work together to keep you alive. The Chemicals of Life – the cells of all living things are composed of chemicals •The most abundant (common) chemical in cells is water (H2O) •Carbohydrates are a cell’s main source of energy •Proteins and Lipids are the building materials of cells •Nucleic Acids are the genetic material (chemical instructions) Carbohydrate Water Lipid Protein Nucleic Acids are the genetic material See the “spiral” shape? Energy Use – cells of an organisms use energy to do what living things must do, such as repairing injured parts – organism’s cells are always hard at work! Ex: as you read this sentence, your eye and brain cells are at work! Your blood cells are busy moving chemicals around your body. Response to Surroundings – Have you ever noticed that a plant stems bends toward the light? Plants and other organisms react to changes in their environment. A change in an organism’s environment is called a stimulus. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response (which is an action or change in behavior). Ex: Has the sound of a car horn ever startled you? The sound was a stimulus that caused your response! The Venus fly trap responded to the stimulus (the fly landing). The response was that it closed. Example of Stimulus a change in … temperature sound light amount of water air quality Example of Response a change in … Temperature (drops) Shiver Sound (increases) Dog runs away Light Pupils change size water (decreases) Plant wilts air quality (declines) people choke Growth and Development – living things also grow and develop. Growth is the process by becoming larger. Development is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism. Growth Development Reproduction – another characteristic is an organism’s ability to reproduce, or produce offspring that are similar to the parents Ex: robins lay eggs that develop into young robins that closely resemble their parents.