Download Taxonomy Review Answers 2012 *** Please note: numbering on

Taxonomy Review Answers 2012 *** Please note: numbering on your sheet is wrong after #20.
1. Who was Carrolus Linnaeus? THE MAN WHO GAVE US THE MODERN SYSTEM OF
CLASSIFICATION WE USE TODAY
2. Name the eight levels of taxonomy in order. DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER,
FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
3. What language is used for taxonomy? Why? LATIN IS USED BECAUSE IT ISN’T SPOKEN BY ANY
ONE ANYMORE, SO IT DOESN’T CHANGE.
4. What three things do we use to classify organisms?
HOMOLOGIES BETWEEN 1) STRUCTURES
2) EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT
3) DNA & PROTEINS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
5. How do you write a scientific name?
Use the genus and the species name, genus name first
Capitalize the genus name but not the species name
Underline them
6. Name the six kingdoms that are used for classification.
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
7. What are the two major divisions of angiosperms?
Monocots- have small, fibrous roots, flower parts in 3’s and only one leaf on a sprouting seed
Dicots- have a large tap root, flower parts in 4’s & 5’s and two leaves on a sprouting seed
8. What are three reasons why we don’t use common names for organisms?
They can be confusing. The same name can be used for different organisms, the name be different in
different areas
9. Why do we use scientific names?
They don’t change; one name for each organism
10. What is a species? Organisms that have the same characteristics and can interbreed.
11. Define:
a. Hierarchy- an ordered set of groups that run from largest, highest, etc to smallest, least, etc.
b. Taxon- a group used for the classification of organisms (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, etc.)
c. Dichotomous key- a key that uses a series of paired questions to group organisms according to the traits
they have in common. It depends on homologies of structure, embryology, and biochemistry.
d. Taxonomist- one who classifies organisms into the various groups of the taxonomic key
12. What might happen if each scientist categorized and named living things on his/her own?
There would be no systematic naming; any organism could be named anything & have several different
names in several different languages.
13. Mosses and liverworts have no true __stems___, ___leaves___, or _____roots_____.
They also have no __vascular__tissue.
Mosses and liverworts live in __moist__ conditions and reproduce by ____spores____.
14. Ferns do have true __stems___, ___leaves___, and _____roots_____.
Ferns reproduce by __spores & rhizoids_____ and prefer to live in _____moist areas________.
15. Gymnosperms reproduce by _______seeds_________ but put them in a cone.
Gymnosperms have scale or needle-like leaves to reduce water loss.
16. Angiosperms use ____flowers_______ and produce seeds that are inside a ___fruit____. The two types
of angiosperms are the ___monocots___ and the ___dicots__.
17. Define
a. Xylem- a narrow “tube” plants use to transport water and minerals upward from the roots, to whatever
part needs it
b. Phloem- a wider tube that transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plant
18. How do we classify protozoans? By their means of movement and by their means of getting food
19. Describe these three protozoans.
a. ameba- has no cell wall and moves by means of pseudopods; it is a heterotroph and must catch its food
b. paramecium- has a hard shell called a pellicle; is moves by means of cilia and is a heterotroph
c. euglena- has a cell wall; it moves by means of a flagellum and has chloroplasts so it is an autotroph
20. Fill in the table below:
Organism
Prokaryote or Uni or
Eukaryote
multicellular
Archaebacteria
prokaryote
unicellular
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Protista
Eukaryote
Fungi
Eukaryote
Plantae
Eukaryote
Unicellular or
multicellular
Yeast
unicelular; Most
multicellular
multicelluar
Animalia
Eukaryote
multicelluar
21. Define:
Reproduction
Nutrition (how it gets food)
Reproduces asexually by binary Most are heterotrophs, a few are
fission
chemical or photosynthetic
autotrophs
Reproduces asexually by binary Most are heterotrophs, a few
fission or sexually by
cyanobacteria are photosynthetic
conjugation
autotrophs
Some asexually, some sexually, Protozoa are mostly heterotrophs
some by both means
All algae are autotrophs
Reproduce both sexually by
All are heterotrophs
spores and asexually when
Parasitic- eat living organisms
hyphae move to new areas
Saphrophytic- eat dead material
Asexually- parts break off
All are photosynthetic
Sexually- make seeds or sopres autotrophs
sexually very few- parts break All are heterotrophs
off; Usually sexually
Hybrid- organism produced when two similar, pure bred organisms interbreed
Reproductive isolation- one organism cannot interbreed with another because there is some block
Binomial Nomenclature- two name naming; a genus and species name
22. Fungi are __heterotrophs_. They have cell walls made of _chitin_, and many hyphae massed together
make up the ___mycelium____Fungi have no true __stems___,
_____leaves________, or
_____roots______. Fungi get food because they are ____saprophytic______ (they eat dead things), or
__parasitic______ (they eat living things). Fungi reproduce by forming ____spores______.
23. Define the following.
Vertebrate- animal that has a backbone
Invertebrate- animal that does not have a backbone
24. Give the characteristics of a fish using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 2 chambered heart- 1 atrium & 1 ventricle
What is the body covering? Scales covered with a mucus slime layer
How do they breathe? Through gills
How do they reproduce? They lay eggs & have External fertilization
Are they warm or cold blooded? Cold-blooded
How do they move? By fins; caudal (rear) fin provides the power, lateral (side) fins guide; Live in water
25. Give the characteristics of an amphibian using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 3 chambers; 2 atria and one ventricle
What is the body covering? Skin- must be kept moist
How do they breathe? Through gills as a larvae (tadpole); through skin and lungs as an adult
How do they reproduce? They lay eggs and have external fertilization
Are they warm or cold blooded? Cold blooded
How do they move? With legs; toes may be webbed, no claws on toes
Any other interesting facts? Live on land & in water
26. Give the characteristics of a reptile using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 3 to 3½ chambered heart; 2 atria and 1 ventricle
What is the body covering? Hard dry scales
How do they breathe? Through lungs
How do they reproduce? Internal fertilization; lay eggs that have a shell and 4 layers of membranes
Are they warm or cold blooded? Cold blooded
How do they move? By legs; feet have claws on toes for better traction
Any other interesting facts? Most are land animals
27. Give the characteristics of a bird using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 4 chambers; 2 atria and 2 ventricles
What is the body covering? Feathers on most of the body; scales on the legs
How do they breathe? By lungs and air sacs in their hollow bones
How do they reproduce? Internal fertilization; lay eggs that have 4 layers of membranes and a shell
Are they warm or cold blooded? Warm blooded
How do they move? By wings when flying; when walking, by legs; feet have claws on toes
Any other interesting facts? Most can fly; some have vestigial wings and are called flightless birds
28. Give the characteristics of a mammal using the guidelines below:
Describe the heart- 4 chambers; 2 atria and 2 ventricles
What is the body covering? Fur or hair
How do they breathe? By lungs
How do they reproduce? Young are carried in mom until birth; female gives birth to live young
Are they warm or cold blooded? Warm blooded
How do they move? Usually by legs; feet have claws or nails on toes
Any other interesting facts? Feed young with milk from mammary glands
29. What are the two major divisions of plants?
Gymnosperms- “naked seeds,” produce cones; examples would be cedar, pine and fir trees
Angiosperms- have flowers & produce fruits that enclose seed; examples would be any flowering tree,
shrub, or plant