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IDEAS ABOUT EVOLUTION 1. adaptation: variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment. EX: beak shape, camouflage, neck length. 2. evolution: change in inherited characteristics over time EX: size of horses, size of eyes 3. geographic isolation: population isolated due to geography - becomes new species. EX: Galapagos Islands 4. gradualism: slow evolution EX: raccoons, red pandas 5. mutation: permanent change in the gene of a cell EX: Down’s Syndrome, albinos, Sickle-Cell Disease 6. natural selection: organisms best-suited for their environment are more likely to reproduce EX: beak shape, tooth structure, 7. population: all of an individuals of a species living in the same area EX: number of people, poison ivy plants, deer, bees IDEAS ABOUT EVOLUTION 8. punctuated equilibrium: rapid evolution EX: bacteria 9. species: organism that reproduce and produce fertile offspring EX: gorillas, mice, pigs, horses 10. variation: inherited trait that makes an individual different EX: hair color, body shape, body size, eyes 11. Lamarck: organisms inherit acquired characteristics - NONE 12. Darwin: organisms with traits best-suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce - ALL LIVING ORGANISMS CLUES ABOUT EVOLUTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ESTIMATE EVOLUTION DNA HOMOLOGOUS VESTIGIAL SEDIMENTARY RELATIVE DATING, RADIOMETRIC DATING Not everything becomes a fossil. IDEAS ABOUT EVOLUTION 9. Homologous & vestigial structures, DNA, embryology 10. No, because you can never know the original amount of radioactive material. EVOLUTION OF PRIMATES 1. OPPOSABLE THUMB - grab or hold objects 2. BINOCULAR VISION - judge depth (focus on an object) 3. FLEXIBLE SHOULDERS - swing from branches or do the backstroke 4. 5. 6. 7. Hominids walk upright and have larger brains. Homo habilis had a bigger brain and used simple tools. They were Homo sapiens, lived in family groups and they made and used stone tools. Living in family groups, caring for the elderly, burying the dead, artistic expression (painting and carving) IDEAS ABOUT EVOLUTION