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Era III Unit 10 The Middle Ages
(WHI.10)
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Medieval Europe
c. 500 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.)
Voorhees
The student will apply social science
skills to understand Western Europe
during the Middle
Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D.
(C.E.) in terms of its impact on
Western civilization by
• a) locating and describing the societies of Western
Europe during the Middle Ages in time and place;
The student will apply social science
skills to understand Western Europe
during the Middle
Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D.
(C.E.) in terms of its impact on
Western civilization by
• e) evaluating and explaining the development of
feudalism and the manor system.
I. Intro: Post-Roman Empire
• Copy this graphic into your notes please:
Eastern
Roman Empire
Roman Empire
Western
Roman Empire
Middle Ages
Mediterranean Basin/ Post-Roman Empire:
The West
• Middle AgesFeudalism
• Roman Catholic
Christianity
• Latin language
• Pope as religious leader
• Rome as capital
The East
• Byzantine EmpireEmperors
• Eastern Orthodox
Christianity
• Greek language
• Patriarch as religious
leader
• Constantinople as
capital
THE MIDDLE AGES= WESTERN
EUROPE DURING MEDIEVAL TIMES
Feudalism and the Manor System
Reading Activity
• Read/ research- then summarize the feudal
system and the manorial system.
Feudalisma system to protect and unite
• POLITICAL/ SOCIAL
• feudalism developed to protect people in
a time of war and anarchy
• it worked pretty good and held things
together
• When feudalism proved its worth on a
local basis, kings and emperors adopted
it to strengthen their monarchies
The Manor Systema system to sustain and cooperation
• ECONOMIC/ SOCIAL
• Manorialism developed to sustain people in a
time of decreased trade and depression
• Agricultural society
• The manor= the main house
– grounds surrounding
– village type aspects
– farming community
Feudalism and Manor System:
king
knights/
church officials
merchants
peasants
serfs
Walled city of Carcassonne (the Cité)
II. Medieval Europe
500 to 1000 A.D. (CE)
The student will apply social science
skills to understand Western Europe
during the Middle
Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D.
(C.E.) in terms of its impact on
Western civilization by
• b) describing the social, religious, and cultural
development of the Franks, with emphasis on the
Age of Charlemagne;
A. Early Medieval Society
1. foundations:
a) Roman heritage; constantly looking back
and trying to recreate the “glory” of Rome
b) Christianity; the Roman Catholic Church
provided the central social and moral
structure
c) Germanic customs; the rise of the Warrior
Culture
Charlemagne
•Charles the Great
• one of the greatest
military leaders in the
Middle Ages
•conquered much of
western and central
Europe
•revived the political
and cultural life that had
disappeared with the
fall of the Western
Roman Empire four
centuries before
Q: How and why did the Church grow in
importance during the Middle Ages?
The Original
St. Peter’s Basilica
research and summarize to g.o. sheet:
• Early Middle Ages
V.I.P.s:
• Clovis
• Charles Martel
• Pepin
• Charlemagne
• Why are they
important?
• How are they
related?
Time LineMedieval Europe
The Decline of Rome
• 27 B.C. – 180 CE
– “The Pax Romana”
– Rome experiences 200
years of peace and
prosperity
• 235 – 284 CE
– Roman Civil War
• 284 -305 CE
– Emperor Diocletian
– Reorganizes the empire to
try and save it but it is too
little too late (tries to save
Empire)
The Decline of Rome
• 306 – 337 CE
– Emperor Constantine
– Legalizes Christianity
– “Splits” empire into
two halves and moves
the capital east to
“Constantinople”
• 379 – 395 CE
– Emperor Theodosius
– Makes Christianity the
official religion
– Formally divides the
empire into two parts
The Decline of Rome
• 410 CE
– Visigoths
“Sack”
Rome
– The first of
a series of
“barbarian”
attacks on
the Western
Empire
The Decline of Rome
• 476 CE
– The last Roman
emperor is deposed
(end of Western
Roman Empire)
– “Barbarian”
Germans divide the
Western Empires
into kingdoms
• The Franks –
France
• The Visigoths –
Spain
• The Lombards –
Italy
• The Angles and
Saxons England
– The Eastern Empire
becomes “The
Byzantine Empire”
“The Dark Ages?”
trying to rebuild Rome
• 520 CE
– St. Benedict
organizes
monasteries
to preserve
learning
and
education
• 527 – 565 CE
– Byzantine
Emperor
Justinian
tries (and
fails) to
reunite the
Roman
Empire
“Dark Ages?” Trying to rebuild Rome
• 590 – 604 CE
– Pope Gregory I (“The Great”) spreads
Christianity to northern Europe and
makes the papacy the political center of
Europe
– Competition between the popes and the
Byzantine emperors begins
– The popes and emperors argued
• over who had the greatest authority
(power)
• They also argued over church
teachings (issues)
Christendom versus Islam
• 570 – 632 CE
– Life of
Muhammad
– Founds
Islam
• 636 – 651 CE
– The Islamic
Empire
conquers
Arabia,
Persia, and
Egypt
• 711 CE
– Muslims invade and conquer
Spain
• 717 – 732 CE
– Charles Martel, leader of the
Franks stops the Muslim
invasion of Europe at the
Battle of Tours, France
– The Byzantine Empire stops
the Muslim invasion of
Constantinople
Christendom versus Islam
Charles MartelGrandfather of
Charlemagne
Pepin the Short
(Pepin the Younger)
• 752 CE- Becomes king of the Franks
• R= Rex (king) P= Pepin
B. The Age of Charlemagne
• 768 – 814 CE
– Charlemagne
establishes
the Frankish
“Carolingian
Empire”
Charlemagne
•
•
•
•
Charles the Great
Carolus Magnus
Charles I
800 CE- Charlemagne
crowned Emperor
– Makes an alliance
with the pope
– Attempts to
establish a “Holy
Roman Empire”
using feudalism
Age of Charlemagne:
1. Roman culture was
reinterpreted
a) Latin language
b) Rome idealized
2. New empire
3. Built to unite:
a) Churches
b) Roads
c) Schools
Q: How did Charlemagne revive the idea of
the Roman Empire?
C. Invasion and New Kingdoms
The student will apply social science
skills to understand Western Europe
during the Middle
Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D.
(C.E.) in terms of its impact on
Western civilization by
• c) explaining the social, religious, and cultural
development of the Magyars and Anglo-Saxons;
1. Groups move in, settle, and establish
kingdoms
a) Angles and Saxons
From Continental
Europe
To England
b) Magyars
From Central Asia
To Hungary
c) Vikings
From Scandinavia
To Russia
Medieval Europe c. 500 to 1000 A.D.
Invasions and New Kingdoms
2. Influence of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars,
and Vikings
a) disrupted trade
b) towns declined
c) feudal system strengthened
800’s CE:
Collapse of Charlemagne’s empire
Viking attacks and Muslim invasions lead to
the spread of feudalism for protection
The student will apply social science
skills to understand Western Europe
during the Middle
Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D.
(C.E.) in terms of its impact on
Western civilization by
• d) describing the social, religious, and cultural
patterns of the Vikings;
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSC5bTSUgA4
Frig, Thor, and Odin
Thor
• hammer-wielding god
• associated with:
– thunder
– lightning
– storms
– oak trees
– strength
– destruction
– fertility
– healing
– protection of mankind
3. Treaty of Verdun= split up
Charlemagne’s empire
• Reached in 843
between the
three surviving
sons of the
Carolingian
emperor Louis I
(the Pious)
• Ended a struggle
among the
brothers for
possession of the
Frankish empire
consolidated by
their grandfather
Charlemagne
The Rise of Feudalism and Manorialism
III. FEUDAL SOCIETY
A. A system of protection
The decline of Roman influence in Western
Europe left people with little protection
against invasion…
1. people needed protection
so they entered into feudal agreements with
land-holding lords who promised them
protection…
2. Feudal Obligations = The mutual bonds of
“loyalty” binding lords with their servants
Feudal Society…
B. Vocabulary
1. Fief = Land Granted to a
“vassal” by his lord in
exchange for military (or
other) service
2. Vassals= A nobleman or
knight sworn to provide
military service to a higher
ranking lord
3. Serfs= Also known as
“villeins”; workers who
belonged to the fief (not
quite slaves, but close)
.
Feudal Society…
• Knighthood and the
“Cult” of Chivalry
• Medieval knights were
the ultimate warriors,
trained from birth to
“defend” the church,
serve their lord, and
uphold the code of
chivalry
Chain Mail Armor
(between 11th
and 14th centuries)
Plate Armor
(1480)
Ornamental Armor (16th century)
Medieval Times documentaries:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrl
BNp3kszo&index=1&list=PLE2179BA64
5EB4FC1
IV. The Manorial System
A. Rigid class structure
(not flexible social classes)
The Manorial System…
B. Self-sufficient1. Each manor would
produce all the
food and as much
materials as
possible
2. There was very
little trade
3. Barter system used/
shortage of money
Florence, Italy- protected by walls
copy this into your notes:
king
knights/
church officials
merchants
peasants
serfs
• Q: How did a
feudal society
develop in
Europe during
the Middle
Ages?
• Q: How did the
medieval manor
function as a
social and
economic
system?
Bodiam Castle, 14th Century, England
Edinburgh Castle- 14th Century,
Scotland
Krak des Chevaliers- 12th-century
fortress built by Crusaders in the
Middle East
11th Century- Dover Castle
built by William the
Conqueror
Bran Castle, 14th CenturyTransylvania, Romania
PaintingWarwick Castle, England
• Q: How did invasions by
the Angles, Saxons,
Magyars, and Vikings
influence the
development of Europe?
V. Agricultural Revolution= new
technologies!
A. Innovations to farming allowed peasants to
greatly increase their amount of food production
1. Crop System- rotating fields- use two and let
one rest (keep one fallow)
2. Technologies
a. heavier plows and the yoke
stronger tools to increase production
b. windmills and watermills
more efficient methods to process grains
draw these in your notes…
B. 1000’s CE Agricultural Revolution
= population increase
An “Agricultural Revolution” sweeps Europe
Europe’s population explodes as better farming
equipment and techniques are developed
1054= The Great Schism
The Roman Catholic Church (led by the pope) and
the Eastern Orthodox Church (led by the Byzantine
Emperor) formally split over religious and political
reasons
The Norman Invasion 1066 CE
Norman invasion of England
The Normans were “Northmen” (Vikings) who were
somewhat resistant to
feudalism
The Crusades…
1091 – 1099 CE The
First Crusade
A “Holy War” to
“liberate” Jerusalem
from the Muslims
organized by the
pope as an attempt
to gain further
influence over the
kings and Byzantine
Emperor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EAMqKUimr8
Time To review…
Which of the following terms does not belong
on this list?
• A Middle Ages
• B medieval Europe
• C the Renaissance
• D the Age of Faith
The Early Middle Ages were during the years
•
•
•
•
A 200–500.
B 500–1600.
C 500–1000.
D 1000–1500.
Which of the following was not a factor in
shaping this time period?
•
•
•
•
A The Eastern Orthodox Church
B Customs of barbarian tribes
C Roman heritage
D The Roman Catholic Church
Although the eastern half of the former Roman
Empire thrived as the Byzantine Empire, the
western half was controlled by many different
groups of
•
•
•
•
A Turks.
B barbarians.
C Muslims.
D pagans.
Charlemagne, King of the Franks, was
also known as
•
•
•
•
A Carolus Magnus.
B Charles the Great.
C the Holy Roman Emperor.
D all of the above.
Charlemagne was known for many things,
including
•
•
•
•
A his attack on the Pope.
B ruling over a very small kingdom.
C the importance he placed on education.
D his short stature.
From about 800 to 1000, Europe was raided by
groups from the north called the
•
•
•
•
A Muslims.
B Huns.
C Vikings.
D Vandals.
The Norse raiders also made settlements in all
of the following places except
•
•
•
•
A North Africa.
B Newfoundland.
C Normandy.
D Iceland.
Which of the following describes a manor?
• A A small, self-sufficient community in the
feudal system
• B Land owned by peasants
• C Communities where monks lived in poverty
and worshipped God
• D The lands around Rome that were
controlled by the Pope
Which of the following types of people
could not be vassals of a lord?
•
•
•
•
A Knights
B Serfs
C Women
D Bishops
c.
Investiture- ___
d.
Clergy- ____
e.
papal states- ___
a.
Treaty of Verdun- ___
b.
Fief- ___
a. agreement that divided
Charlemagne‘s empire
b. a piece of land given to a
vassal
c. symbolic gesture/ ceremony
representing the granting of
Land
d. priests of the Church
e. lands ruled by the Pope
b.
Patrick- ___
d.
Clovis- ___
e.
Benedict- ___
c.
Charles Martel- ___
a.
Leif Ericson- ___
a. Viking explorer- sailed to
Newfoundland
b. missionary who established
Christianity in Ireland
c. defeated the Muslims at the
Battle of Tours
d. Frankish king who
converted to Christianity
e. Pope who created a set of
rules for monastic life