Download Chapter 23 Pronoun Usage

Chapter 23 Pronoun Usage
Mr. Brasher
Case
• Definition- form of a noun or a pronoun that
indicates its use in a sentence; 3 cases are
nominative, objective, and possessive.
3 Cases
• Nominative- subject or predicate nominative
– Example: The old car would not start. (car is the
subject of the sentence)
• Objective- Direct Object, Indirect Object, Object
of a Preposition, Object of a Verbal (examples:
running the mile; planning the surprise attack)
– Example: We could not start the old car. (car is the
direct object)
• Possessive- To show ownership
– Example: The old car’s battery needed to be replaced.
(form changes in this form by adding an apostrophe s)
• Note box about personal pronouns and the
different forms in all 3 cases.
The nominative case
• Use nominative case when a pronoun is used
as the subject of a verb or as a predicate
nominative.
• Appositive- noun or noun phrase that
renamed another noun right beside it.
The Objective Case
• Use the objective case when a pronoun is used as
the object of any verb, preposition, or verbal.
• Participle- verbal (based on a verb and therefore
expresses action or a state of being) that is used
as an adjective and most often ends in –ing or –
ed.
– Example: Racing her, he crashed into an antique car.
• Gerund- verbal that ends in –ing and functions as
a noun.
– Example: Dad likes helping me with my homework.
• Infinitive- verbal consisting of the word to plus a
verb functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
– Example: To tell them clearly, he had to shout.
Note about preposition between
• Incorrect: This matter is between you and I.
• Correct: This matter is between you and me.
The Possessive Case
• Used to show possession before nouns and
before gerunds.
– Noun Example- My report on the Roaring
Twenties is almost done.
– Gerund Example- Your asking questions made me
focus.
– Use certain possessive pronouns by themselves to
indicate possession; example- The move is hers,
not his.
– Note about spelling on page 550
Homework
• Page 551 exercise 8-10
23.2 Special Problems with Pronouns
Case
Pronoun
Use in sentence
Nominative
Who, whoever
Subject or predicate
nominative
Objective
Whom, whomever
Direct Object, Object of a
verbal, or object of a
preposition
Possessive
Whose, whosever
To show ownership
Nominative Case: Who and Whoever
• Use who or whoever for the subject of a verb.
Nominative Case: Who or Whoever
• Use who or whoever for a predicate
nominative.
The Objective Case: Whom and
Whomever
• Use whom or whomever for the direct object
of a verb or object of a verbal.
The Objective Case: Whom and
Whomever
• Use whom or whomever for the object of a
preposition.
Use pronouns correctly in Elliptical
Clauses
• In an elliptical clause, some words are omitted
because they are understood; these clauses
are often used to draw comparisons.
• In elliptical clauses beginning with than or as,
use the form of the pronoun that you would
use if the clause were fully stated.
Use pronouns correctly in Elliptical
Clauses
• If omitted words come after the pronoun, use
a nominative pronoun because it is the
subject of the omitted verb. If omitted words
come before the pronoun, use an objective
pronoun.
• Always follow these steps when choosing a
pronoun in an elliptical clause:
– Consider choices of pronouns: nominative or
objective.
– Mentally complete the elliptical clause.
– Base your choice on what you find.
Homework
• Page 559 exercise 18-20
• Exercise 18 do as directions say
• Exercise 19- write down word that completes
sentence and tell me how it is used. (Subject,
possessive, direct object, object of
preposition, etc.)
• Exercise 20- write down word that completes
sentence correctly.