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Agreement: Pronouns
Objective and Nominative Case Pronouns
Nominative & Objective Cases
 Personal pronouns change depending on how they
function in a sentence:

The nominative form of a personal pronoun is used when
a pronoun functions as a subject or predicate nominative.


A predicate nominative is a word in the predicate that renames the
subject (follows a linking verb). Ex. She is a doctor.
The objective form of a personal pronoun is used when
the pronoun functions as a direct object, an indirect
object, or an object of a preposition.

Direct/indirect objects follow action verbs. Ex. He gave me a book.
The Nominative Case
Nominative Pronoun Forms (for subject and p.n.)
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
Hint: To determine which case to use, try the pronoun
alone in the sentence.
Ex. John and (I, me) sang a song. (subject)
Would you say: “I sang a song” or “Me sang a song”?
Ex. It was they [who called] to hire Samantha. (p.n.)
Would you say: “they called” or “them called”?
The Objective Case
Objective Pronoun Forms
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
Direct objects follow action verbs and answer the
questions what or whom.
Ex. Joe called her. (Joe called whom?)
Ex. Mary’s story elated us. (story elated whom?)
Ex. Joe kissed Mary and her.
(Joe kissed whom?)
The Objective Case Cont’d…
Indirect objects come between action verbs and their
direct objects. They answer the questions to whom or
for whom.
Ex. Kevin lent me his bandana. (Lent it to whom?)
Ex. Sarah bought them sundaes. (Bought for whom?)
Object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that
follows a preposition.
Ex. Joe gave his thanks (to her and us).
Ex. Kevin’s honey bought a gift (for him).
Ex. Their co-workers went (with them) (to the party).
Who versus Whom
Forms of Who and Whoever
Nominative
Objective
Possessive
who, whoever
whom, whomever
whose, whosever
Who and whom can be used to ask questions and to
introduce subordinate clauses.
Who/Whom in Questions
Who: subject or predicate pronoun (follows a linking verb)
Sub: Who wrote the song “This Land Is Your Land”?
Pred Nom: The writer was who?
Whom: direct object or object of a preposition
D.O.: Whom did you ask?
O.P.: From whom did you get the information?
Choosing Who or Whom
1. Rewrite the question as a statement.
(Who, Whom) are you speaking to?
You are speaking to (who, whom).
2. Figure out whether the pronoun is a subject, a predicate
nominative, an object, or an object of a preposition.
Remember: To is a preposition.
To whom are you speaking?
Who/Whom in Subordinate Clauses
A subordinate clause contains a subject and a verb but does not
express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
Who: subject of a subordinate clause
Pete Seeger is a singer who cares about the environment.
subject = who verb = cares
Whom: direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition
Bob Dylan is one singer whom Pete Seeger influenced.
subject = Pete S. Verb = influenced
(Pete Seeger influenced whom).
whom = direct object
Choosing Who or Whom
1. Identify the subordinate clause in the sentence.
Pete Seeger is a singer (who, whom) I admire.
subject = I verb = admire
2. Figure out how the pronoun is used in the clause.
I admire (who, whom).
Direct Object = whom
Try & Check
 Pg. 128 Part A #1-10
 Pg. 133 #1-5
 Pg. 134 Part B #1-1o
Pg. 128 Part A #1-10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
them
he
they
her
them
us
them
he
he
he…him…them
Pg. 133 #1-5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
who
whom
who
whom
whose
Pg. 134 Part B #1-1o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
who
who
whosoever
whose
who
whom
whom
who
who
who