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From: Patient-specific Immune States before Surgery Are Strong Correlates of Surgical Recovery
Anesthes. 2015;123(6):1241-1255. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000887
Figure Legend:
A model summarizing the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent signaling responses implicated in surgical recovery. In response to
tissue damage, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecules including alarmins such as high-mobility group protein
B1 (HMGB1) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) bind to and activate the TLR4 on the surface of innate immune cells. The TLR4
signaling pathway is also induced by binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the TLR4 receptor and to coreceptors cluster of
differentiation 14 (CD14) and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2). The TLR4 receptor engages a complex signaling cascade (only
partially
represented)
leading to the activation
of 2017
the phosphorylated
P38
mitogen-activated
kinase (p38) and extracellular
Date of download:
4/29/2017
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regulated kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAP) and the phosphorylated nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of