Download Earth Science Day 04: Earthquakes

Pick up materials on the front table!
EARTH SCIENCE DAY 04:
EARTHQUAKES
Materials Needed:
• Writing Utensil
• Science Notebook
• Science Folder
Earth Science Day 04:


Bell work: Referencing your foldable, what do you notice about the
types of plate boundaries surrounding most of the Pacific Ocean?
What about the one that runs through the center of the Atlantic
Ocean? What conclusions can you draw about what will happen to the
continents in the future?
Agenda
 Cornell
Notes with handout over Earthquakes
 Virtual Earthquake activity
Q1: Which term describes the idea that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed?
A.
Law of Conservation of Matter
B.
Newton’s First Law
C.
Law of Conservation of Energy
D.
Law of Transfer of Energy
SC8.2.3.g
DOK 1
Q2: What shows motion related to a reference
point?
A.
the velocity change of a train relative to time
B.
the hands of a clock relative to the numbers on a clock
C.
D.
the speed of a bicycle relative to the direction of
travel
the distance a race car traveled relative to the time of
travel
SC8.2.2.a DOK 1
NeSA-S Review #4
Imagine that you are building a model of the Earth
that will have a total radius of 1m. You know that
the average radius of the whole Earth in real life is
6,380 km and that the average thickness of the
portion we call the lithosphere is only about 150 km.
1.
What percentage of the Earth’s radius is the
lithosphere?
2.
Calculate how thick (in centimeters) would you
make the lithosphere in your model?
Math Talk: Explain HOW you solved this problem.
Greek and Latin
Greek Term
ducthemiconlithsubtect-
Meaning
to lead
half
together
rock
under
to cover
Picture
Draw a picture of the meaning of the word.
Objectives


I will know what earthquakes are and how they are monitored on
earth
I will be able to analyze graphs and data to draw conclusion about
earthquakes.
A1: Which term describes the idea that energy can neither be
created nor destroyed?
A.
Law of Conservation of Matter
States the mass of matter in a closed system will remain constant at all times.
B.
Newton’s First Law
States an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion.
C.
Law of Conservation of Energy
States that all energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
D.
Law of Transfer of Energy
This is not a law of physics.
SC8.2.3.g
DOK 1
A2: What shows motion related to a reference
point?
A. the velocity change of a train relative to time
You cannot see time so this example would not show
motion.
B. the hands of a clock relative to the numbers on a clock
You can see the clock hands move past the numbers of a
clock over a given period of time which show motion.
C. the speed of a bicycle relative to the direction of travel
You cannot see the direction of travel just that the bike is
facing a direction so this example would not show
motion.
D. the distance a race car traveled relative to the time of
travel
You cannot see time so this example would not show
motion.
SC8.2.2.a DOK 1
Answer to NeSA-S Review #4
1. The lithosphere is 2.35% of Earth’s radius.
150 km ÷ 6,380 km = 0.0235 = 2.35%
Explanation: The lithosphere is a portion of the whole earth, a
percentage is in general: a portion of the whole divided by the
whole, thus we divide the thickness of the lithosphere (portion)
divided by the radius of the Earth (the whole)
2. The Lithosphere would be 2.35cm thick on your model.
2.35% x 1.00 m = 0.0235 m or 2.35 cm
Explanation: This could also be set up as a ratio:
2.35/100=x/1.00m. The percentage you figured out in the first
question tells you that for every 100units of Earth’s radius there
will be 2.35units of the lithosphere, so if the unit we use is cm,
and our Earth model is 100cm (1m), then the lithosphere will be
2.35cm (.0235m)
Defining Earthquakes





Shaking and trembling of the earth’s crust.
More than 1,000,000 occur a year or one
every 30 seconds
Faulting is the most common cause
Earthquakes continue until all the energy is
absorbed into the surrounding Earth’s
material (dirt, rocks, buildings, etc.)
TSUNAMIS- an earthquake occurs on the
ocean floor causing waves to become
greater than 20 meters.

Extensions
Seismic Waves



FOCUS- underground point of origin
EPICENTER- aboveground point of
origin; most violent shaking occurs at the
epicenter
The three main types of seismic waves
are: P waves, S waves, and L waves
Shadow Zone

Shadow Zone- is the area where no
s-waves travel because they can not
travel through the liquid outer core

Opposite side of the Earth from then
the Focus
P Waves




Primary waves
Arrive first at the
epicenter
Can travel through
solids, liquids, and
gases
They are push-pull
waves
S Waves



Secondary waves
Can travel through
solids, but NOT
through liquids and
gases
Move in up-down
motion
L Waves (Love Waves)




Surface waves
Slowest moving seismic waves
Travel on top of Earth’s surface
Cause most of damage to Earth, because they bend
and twist the surface
How Earthquakes are Measured





Seismograph-measures and detects
seismic waves
Seismogram- Paper record of waves
Seismologist- scientist who study
earthquakes
Richter Scale- a scale that allows
scientists to determine earthquake
strength based on many readings
1-10 levels at which an earthquake is
measured on amount of damage caused;
Above a 6 is very destructive
Reading a Seismograph

Find the P-Wave
arrival time
0

sec
Find the S-wave
arrival time
 38

Find the S-P Interval
 38

sec
sec
Find the Amplitude
 180mm
NEXT YOU WILL BE COMPLETING:
the virtual earthquake activity
EXIT SLIP: EXPLAIN WHY YOU
HAVE TO HAVE THREE
TRIANGULATION POINTS TO
FIND THE LOCATION OF AN
EARTHQUAKE.