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Transcript
Earthquake Notes Earthquake - Shaking and vibrating of the earth by large sudden releases of energy Fault - A fracture in the earthʼs crust where there has already been some movement Focus - Point of origin of earthquakes where waves travel outward in all directions Crust - Outermost layer of the earth Mantle - A layer of earth that lies beneath the crust Lithosphere - Outer portion of the earth comprised of the crust and mantle Astenosphere – The layer of the mantle that lies directly below the lithosphere and flows, like taffy. Tectonic Plates - Large pieces of the lithosphere that are always moving creating earthquakes, valleys, and mountains. Outer Core – The liquid layer composed of iron and nickel, which lies between the Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Inner Core – Innermost layer of the Earth. Solid layer comprised of iron and nickel. Seismic Waves - Waves created by an earthquake Primary Waves - Waves that cause a vertical jolt and are the first to arrive Secondary Waves - Waves that cause horizontal movement, are the second to arrive and cause the most damage. Seismologist - A scientist who studies earthquakes Seismograph - Machine used to detect vibrations emitted by an earthquake which produces a permanent recording Tsunami – Large, fast moving waves created by earthquakes under the ocean.