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Evidence of Change
pages 292-301
Types of Fossils
Mineralized
Imprint
Amber
Frozen
FOSSILS
•  Found in the layers
of sedimentary
rock.
•  Example: limestone
•  Those found in the
bottom layer are the
oldest.
•  Paleontology: The study of fossils or extinct
organisms.
–  Although incomplete, no fossil evidence has
been found that contradicts evolution.
–  Transitional forms are fossils which “link” the
gaps in the fossil record.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
•  Homologous Structures: Share a common
origin but may not be adapted for similar
functions.
•  Analogous Structures: Adapted for similar
functions but do not have a common origin.
• Vestigial Structures: Remnants of organs or
structures that had a function in an early
ancestor.
Homologous Structures
Anatomical similarities between the forearms of different mammals
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
the "spurs" show evidence of the snake's distant pass
EMBRYOLOGY
•  The study of
embryos and their
development.
•  Similarities suggest
evolutionary
relationships and
common ancestry. Molecular and Genetic Evidence
•  DNA sequence analysis
•  Pseudogenes
•  Homeobox genes
•  Protein comparison
Modern Synthesis of Evolutionary Theory:
The theory of natural selection combined with
modern genetics.
Protein Comparison
Based on the number of differences, humans share a more recent common ancestor to the gorilla than the other organisms.
DNA Sequence Analysis