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Chapter 6 Ancient Greece The Rise of Greek Civilization I. Geographic Setting –A. Peninsula – area of land surrounded by water on three sides The Rise of Greek Civilization –B. Landforms mostly mountains 1. only small patches of farmland The Rise of Greek Civilization –C. Was difficult for communities to get together due to geography The Rise of Greek Civilization 1. Each had its own customs and way of life 2. Much fighting amongst Greeks The Rise of Greek Civilization II. Greek Beginnings –A. Had many stories that explained origins of things The Rise of Greek Civilization –B. Trojan War 1. war between Greece and city of Troy 2. many stories came about The Rise of Greek Civilization 3. Epic – a long poem that tells a story –a. ex: the Odyssey and the Iliad by Homer The Rise of Greek Civilization –b. epics taught about gods and heroes The Rise of Greek Civilization –C. The Dark Ages 1. Lasted from early 1100s B.C. to 750 B.C. 2. Civilization collapsed The Rise of Greek Civilization 3. Little trade and much poverty 4. Art of writing disappeared The Rise of Greek Civilization 5. Depended on oral traditions to keep traditions and history alive The Rise of Greek Civilization 6. Not all bad –a. families resettled where they could grow crops The Rise of Greek Civilization –b. acropolis – a high, rocky hill on or near which early people built cities The Rise of Greek Civilization III. Governing the City-States –A. Cities began to develop The Rise of Greek Civilization 1. City states – a city with its own traditions and its own government and laws; both a city and a separate independent state The Rise of Greek Civilization –B. Aristocracy 1. Most city-states ruled by aristocrats –a. a member of a rich and powerful family The Rise of Greek Civilization –C. A new type of ruler a. Middle class develops and grows The Rise of Greek Civilization b. Replaced rulers with tyrants The Rise of Greek Civilization –1. Tyrant - A ruler who takes power with the support of the middle and working classes –2. not necessarily cruel or violent The Rise of Greek Civilization –D. Democracy 1. People overthrew harsh tyrants The Rise of Greek Civilization 2. Democracy – a form of government in which the people govern themselves The Rise of Greek Civilization 3. Solon reformed laws –a. known for his fairness The Rise of Greek Civilization –b. laws reformed economy and government –c. became more democratic The Rise of Greek Civilization 4. Not all benefited –a. 1 in 5 Athenians were citizens The Rise of Greek Civilization –b. slaves, women, and foreigners didn’t take part Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature I. The Golden Age –A. Lasted from 479 to 431 B.C. –B. Athens grew rich from trade, mining Greek Religion, Philosophy, and Literature –C. Tribute – a payment made by a less powerful state or nation to a more powerful one Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –D. Pericles – Athenian leader who contributed to the development of democracy and architecture Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 1. from an aristocratic family 2. most powerful man in politics 3. supported democracy Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature II. The Flourishing Arts –A. Pericles rebuilt the Acropolis –B. Architecture Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 1. Parthenon – a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –a. full of action –b. show balance and order –c. lifelike and accurate Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature III. Knowledge –A. Belief in gods –B. Immortal – someone or something that lives forever Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 1. 12 gods led by Zeus 2. worshiped many lesser ones Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –C. Science and Philosophy 1. Philosopher – someone who uses reason to understand the world Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –a. used reason to explain natural events –b. went against religion and teachings of gods Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 2. Socrates – One of the greatest philosophers Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –a. frightened many - was sentenced to death Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature –D. Greek Drama 1. Athenians were first to write dramas Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 2. tragedy – a serious drama that ends in disaster for the main character Greek Religion, Philosophy and Literature 3. comedy – a type of theater that made fun of citizens, politicians, and traditions Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks Agora – a public market and meeting place in Ancient Greece. Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks I. Greek Men –A. Had the rights of citizens such as voting and holding office Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –B. Owned property –C. Were given an education Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks II. Greek Women –A. Expected to stay at home Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –B. Could not take part in politics –C. Could not vote Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –D. Could not own property –E. Could be priestesses in religious groups Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –F. Ran the home and family –G. Kept track of the family finances Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –H. Were responsible for training and caring for slaves Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks III. Slaves –A. About 1/3 of the population were slaves Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –B. Captured by armies, by pirates, or children of slaves Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –C. Were foreigners – Greeks uncomfortable owning other Greeks Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –D. Worked on farms, in mines, for artisans, and in the household Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks IV. Homes –A. made of mud bricks and had courtyards Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks –B. Water had to be carried from a public fountain –C. Ate mostly breads and only meat during festivals Athens and Sparta I. Definitions A. Blockage - the cutting off of an area by enemy forces that closes it to travel and trade Athens and Sparta B. Plague – a widespread disease C. Helot – a slave in Sparta Athens and Sparta D. Sparta – a city-state in southern Greece that was dedicated to war E. Persia – a large empire that tried to conquer Greece but was defeated Athens and Sparta F. Marathon – the site of a famous battle in which the Greeks defeated the Persians G. Pericles – died from the plague in 429 B.C. Athens and Sparta II. Life in Sparta –A. Put Sparta’s needs first – not your own –B. Harsh and cruel life Athens and Sparta –C. Training for war – skilled warriors –D. Sparta lacked beauty and pleasures of Athens Athens and Sparta III. Persian Invasion –A. Persians invaded Greece –B. Athenians defeated Persians (Battle of Marathon) Athens and Sparta IV. Athenian Empire –A. Treated other city-states unfairly –B. Used tributes for Athens; not for protection Athens and Sparta –C. Sparta and Athens fought (Peloponnesian War) –D. Athens struck by plague Athens and Sparta –E. Sparta staged blockade –F. Athens defeated The Spread of Greek Culture I. Definitions –A. Assassinate – to murder for political reasons The Spread of Greek Culture –B. Barbarian – a person considered to be wild and uncivilized –C. Alexandria – learning capital of the Greek world; had the largest library The Spread of Greek Culture –D. Hellenistic – describing Greek culture after the death of Alexander the Great; includes the 3 main kingdoms formed by the breakup of Alexander’s empire The Spread of Greek Culture –E. Alexander the Great – son of King Philip - conquered Persia and Egypt and invaded India - spread Hellenism The Spread of Greek Culture –F. King Philip –King of Macedonia –Seized power in 359 B.C. –Conquered the Greek city-states The Spread of Greek Culture Archimedes - used levers and pulleys to life heavy objects The Spread of Greek Culture Euclid developed geometry The Spread of Greek Culture Erastosthenes - calculated the distance around the earth