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Ancient Greece
CHAPTER 6
Section 1
Section 1
 Mainland Greece is a peninsula, surrounded by
many islands. Mountains are the major landform.
 Two important early Greek civilizations were the
Minoan civilization of Crete and the mainland
Mycenaean civilization.
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The Minoan civilization was known for their trading.
The Mycenaean civilization gained power through conquest.
Section 1
 There were three kinds of government that
developed in the Greek city-states.
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Aristocratic – members of rich and powerful families control
the land.
Tyrant – Rulers who took power by force and usually had
support of the middle and working classes.
Democratic – a form of government in which citizens govern
themselves.
Section 2
Section 2
 The Golden Age of Athens was the period between 479
B.C. and 431 B.C. Athenians made achievements in the
arts, philosophy, and literature, and democracy reached
its peak.
 Most Greeks believed that the gods and goddesses they
worshiped ruled different areas of human life and the
natural world. Philosophers believed that the powers of
the mind and reason could be used to understand natural
events.
 The goals of Greek art were to honor the gods and to
present images of perfection in a balanced and orderly
way.
Section 3
Section 3
 Men met in the agoras of ancient Greece to discuss
business, politics, and philosophy. People bought
and sold goods there too.
 Greek home life – In some families men and women
had separate quarters at home. Women had the
responsibility of looking after the finances and
running the home.
 Enslaved people worked on farms, in the mines,
alongside artisans, and in wealthy households.
Section 4
Section 4
 Life in Sparta was harsh and even cruel. The
government controlled the lives of all Spartans and
treated helots very strictly.
 The Greeks drove the Persians away after Greek citystates banded together.
 Athens gained many allies. Other city-states paid
tribute to Athens for protection against invasions.
However, the Athenian empire later used the tribute
for other purposes.
 The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
led to Athens downfall.
Section 5
Section 5
 In Hellenistic kingdoms, cities were modeled after
Greek cites and contained Greek temples, agoras,
and theaters in which Greek tragedies were
performed.
 The Greeks accomplished great things in Math and
Science.
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Euclid developed geometry
Eratosthenes calculated the distance around the Earth
Archimedes discovered the principles of pulleys and levers