Download Solomon Chapter 19

A.P. Biology Solomon Chapter 19 study guide
1. Population genetics is the study of ________________________ within the
population and the evolutionary forces that act on it.
2. All of the alleles for all of the genes in a population are referred to as the _________
_______________ for that population.
3. _______________________ is the proportion of a particular genotype in a population
4. When the distribution of genotypes in a population conforms to the binomial equation
(a) ____________________________ , the population is in a genetic equilibrium and
is not evolving. This equation is called the (b) _______________________________
5. The proportion of alleles in successive generations does not change in a population
when certain conditions are met. Among them, briefly stated, are the following five:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6. The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because the alleles for the
MN blood groups are ____________________
7. Mating among genetically similar individuals within a population is called _________
8. The average number of survivors among offspring from a given genetic type compared
to other genetic types is a measure of __________________________________
9. Selection of mates based on a phenotype is known as _________________________
10. A _________________________ is an unpredictable change in DNA
11. Production of random evolutionary changes in small breeding populations is known
as _________________________________
12. Genetic drift may occur when the size of a population is suddenly reduced as as
function of such temporary causes as a depleted food supply or disease. Such an
event is called a _____________________________________
13. The migration of breeding individuals between populations causes a corresponding
movement of alleles, or __________________________ , that has significant
evolutionary consequences.
14. Selection against phenotypic extremes, thereby favoring intermediate phenoyptes, is
called __________________________________
15. Selection that favors one particular phenotype over another is known as
___________________________________
16. Selection that favors phenotypic extremes is called _________________________
17. Much of genetic polymorphism is not evident because it doesn’t produce
distinct ____________________________________
18. ______________________________________________ occurs when a genotype
such as Aa has higher degree of fitness than either AA or aa.
19. Selection that acts to decrease the frequency of the more common phenotypes and
increase the frequency of the less common types is called ____________________
20. Variation that does not alter the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce, and
is therefore not adaptive, is called ___________________________________
21. Along with population variation, genetic differences often exist among different
populations within the same species, a phenomenon known as __________________
Prefixes
MicroPheno-
The Meaning
small
visible
Suffixes
-typ(e)
The Meaning
form
Prefix
Suffix
__________ -evolution
Definition
1. Changes in allele frequencies over successive
generations; involves small changes within a population
__________ ___________ 2. An organism’s visible form of characteristics
Matching
a. balanced polymorphism
b. directional selection
c. disruptive selection
d. Founder effect
e. gene flow
f. gene pool
k. population
g. genetic drift
l. stabilizing selection
h. Hardy-Weinberg principle
i. Heterozygote advantage
k. natural selection
___ 1. Natural selection that acts against extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate
variants
___ 2. A phenomenon in which the heterozygote confers some special advantage on an
individual that either homozygous condition does not.
___ 3. A random change in gene frequency in a small, isolated population.
___ 4. The movement of alleles between local populations, or demes, due to migration
and subsequent interbreeding.
___ 5. The gradual replacement of one phenotype with another due to environmental
change.
___ 6. The presence in a population of two or more genetic variants that are maintained
in a stable frequency over several generations.
___ 7. Genetic drift that results from a small number of individuals colonizing a new area
___ 8. All the alleles for all genes present in a population.
___9. The principle that in a randomly-mating large population, regardless of dominance
or recessiveness, the relative frequencies of allelic genes do not change from
generation to generation.
___10.A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same geographical area
at the same time.
Making Comparisons
Category
Natural selection
Gene flow
Random mating
Genetic drift
Mutation
Small population size
Geographic stability
Genetic polymorphism
Neutral varation
Contributes to Evolutionary Change
(yes or no)
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
___ 1. The proportion of alleles in a population does not change if there is/are
a. only 10% of the alleles mutating in each generation b. random mating
c. a large number of individuals in the population
d. mating with individuals
in a similar population
e. natural selection of advantageous alleles
___ 2. When gradual environmental changes favor phenotypes at the extreme of the
normal distribution curve, the result in time is likely to be
a. stabilizing selection
b. no selection
c. a shift in allele frequencies
d. disruptive selection
e. directional selection
___ 3. Changes in allele frequencies within a population are referred to as
a. evolution b. macroevolution
c. microevolution
d. p2 shift
e. q2 shift
___ 4. A relatively quick, extreme environmental change that favors several phenotypes
at the expense of the mean phenotype will likely result in
a. stabilizing selection
b. no selection
c. a shift in allele frequencies
d. disruptive selection
e. directional selection
___ 5. Random evolutionary changes in a small breeding population resulting from
random changes in gene frequencies are referred to as
a. gene flow
b. natural selection
c. mutations d. genetic drift
a. the heterozygote advantage
___ 6. The ultimate source of all new alleles is
a. gene flow
b. natural selection c. mutations
a. the heterozygote advantage
d. genetic drift
___ 7. If undisturbed by other forces, random sexual reproduction among numbers of a
large population in nature leads to
a. new species
b. changes in gene frequencies
c. generations of unchanged
allele frequencies
d. new traits
e. a change in the frequency of 2 pq but
not p2 or q2
Use the following information, the Hardy-Weinberg equation, and the list below to
answer questions 8-13. The phenotype coded for by the genotype “tt” is found among
400 individuals in a population of 10,000 randomly mating individuals.
a. 0.01
f. 0.16
k. 0.80
p. 4.00
u. 20.0
b. 0.02
g. 0.20
l. 1.00
q. 6.40
v. 32.0
c. 0.04
h. 0.32
m. 1.60
r. 9.60
w. 40.0
d. 0.08
i. 0.40
n. 2.00
s. 10.0
x. 64.0
e. 0.10
j. 0.64
o. 3.20
t. 16.0
y. 96.0
___ 8. Frequency of homozygously recessive individuals
___ 9. Frequency of homozygously dominant individuals
___10. Frequency of q
___11. Percent of individuals containing one or more of the dominant alleles
___12. Frequency of p
___13. Frequency of heterozygous individuals