Download Genetics PowerPoint Notes

Name _________________________________
Period _______
Assignment: Genetics PowerPoint Notes
Traits: ______________________________
Heredity: ________________________
_______________________________
Genetics: ____________________________
DNA: The ____________________________ that carries information about an organism that is
passed on from _____________________ to _____________________.
Chromosome: A collection of ____________. Human DNA has ____ chromosomes.
Genes: A segments of your DNA on a _________________ that code for specific traits.
Allele: Different versions of the same __________.
GENETICS
•
Geneticists look at our DNA and our physical traits to determine the outcome of future
offspring
How are traits determined?
Straight Thumbs have the H allele,
Hitchhiker’s Thumbs have the h allele
Each of us has ___ alleles for the thumb extension trait.
As a result, we only have these combinations.
Homozygous: Having two of the _______ allele for a trait (example: HH, hh)
Heterozygous: Having two ________________ alleles for a trait (example: Hh)
H is _______________ (always upper case letter)
h is ________________ (always lower case letter)
The dominant allele always wins. (the dominant allele, if it exists, is expressed)
Genotype: The __________ of the person
Phenotype: How the genes are _______________
Each child receives a set of alleles from the parents. Each child’s allele can be different from his
other siblings.
An easier way to see the possible genetic outcomes is with a _______________ square
(instead of trying to draw the hand for a phenotype, just write “straight” or “hitchhiker”)
Are all traits inherited this simply?
No, thumb extension is a well-defined trait, most traits are more complex and cannot be
tracked through generations this easily.
Alleles can work together to produce ____________________________.
Gregor Mendel
A priest that first studied heredity from his __________________ in the court yard.
Mendel started with ____________ pea plants (all the offspring were the
same as the parents) that were tall and short.
This is what Mendel saw from his pea plants
Mendel decided that there must be
_________________ and
_________________ traits. He made
a punnett square to explain the trait
inheritance.
Draw another Punnett to see what the offspring of these two plants will look like.
(Instead of drawing tall and short
plants to show phenotype, just write
“tall” or “short”)
Mendel’s use of dominant and recessive alleles worked!
Do the punnett square on your worksheet for carnations.
R is dominant , a red flower
Rr is incomplete dominance, a pink flower
r is recessive, a white flower
Do a punnett square for three generations
(you pick which offspring to breed)
First Generation
Label the phenotypes and genotypes of each offspring
Second Generation (only take alleles from the first generation)
Third Generation (only take alleles from the second generation)