Download Study Guide: Ancient Greece

Study Guide: Ancient
Greece
How did the geography
influence the rise of
civilization in the city
states of ancient Greece
?
• Peloponnesus peninsula and
islands; divided by bays, inlets, seas
an rugged mts isolate people from
each other, so tightly knit
communities emerged differing from
each other. Sea trade developed.
Mild winters and hot sunny
summers allow crops all year: olive,
vineyards, grain. Extensive contact
with other cultures for trade led to
spread of Grecian ideas.
What two trading cultures
first developed in ancient
Greece ?
• Minoan and Mycenaens
What was significant in the
history of the Minoans and
the Mycenaens ?
• Developed on island of Crete
;Shipbuilders, extensive trade, ;
Mycenaens build fortresses on
hilltops, had colonies. 1st to speak
Greek; VASES
What is a description of
the early polis of ancient
Greece ?
• In dark ages small groups together
for protection and stability. They
are a city state: built around fortress
on a hill = acropolis, walls surround
town, farmers outside of walls, had
an agora= market and center of
trade, shipping , political and
religious assemblies = people
expected to participate; colonies
under Grecian control turned into
city states. HUGE TRADERS
What was the
developmental
progression of democracy
in ancient Greece ?
Kings, oligarchies, tyrants
and then democracy
How was Athens democratic
government organized and
run ?
A council of 500 citizens chosen randomly every year
proposed new laws; an assembly of all citizens met
every 9 days to vote on laws; law courts had juries of
citizens to interpret laws and rule on some cases. More
citizens could participate once they moved to paying for
council and jury service. Citizen participation did not
include women, slaves, metics, children.
Who were some of the most
famous leaders of ancient
Grecian city-states ?
Draco, Solon, Peisisstratus,
Cleisthenes, Pericles (golden
age: expanded democracy,
strengthen protection with
sea wall and navy; beautiful
buldings - parthenon
What was the purpose of
Greek myths and what
myths and Gods were most
important to Greeks ?
Explain how world works; stories of heroes and gods
creates a common history and understanding; Zeus:
father of all Greek Gods set standards of justice and
made sure humans and gods followed them and
controlled weather and used weather to punish;
Poseidon = god of the sea; Hera goddess of marriage;
Apollo god of light, health etc.
Temples built at; Olympia for
Zeus; Delphi for Apollo
What forms of literature did
ancient Greeks develop and
who are some of the most
well known contributors and
their lasting works ?
Epic Poetry – Homer Illiad and
Odyssey
Lyric poetry – Sappho
Fables – Aesop – Ants and the
Grasshopper, Tortoise and the
Hare
Tragedies – Sophocles –
Antigone
Comedies -
What characterized the
Persian empire and its’
relationship with Greece ?
Persian Empire expanded into
Greek states; leaders as Cyrus
the Great, Darius, Xerxes
played important roles.
Cyrus; let people keep
customs preventing rebellion
Darius organized empire into 20 provinces and governed
with satraps as governors, built roads, filled cities with
great works – angry when several Greek cities rebelled
and Darius put down but wanted revenge led to Persian
Wars
•
•
1st began as Persia sailed to Marathon – runner goes to Athens to say
Greeks won, runs 26 miles.
Under Xerxes Sparta and Athens join to fight Persia; Thermopylae,
Persia wins and burns Athens; Salamis Athens win, all over at Plataea
and Persians defeated.
Describe the military
society of Sparta
Boys and Men in Sparta
•
– 1. only healthy newborns allowed to live
• a. early age trained to be soldiers
– 2. very physical training
• a. endured hardships too
– 1. no shoes, little food
– 3. ages 20-30 lived in army barracks
• a. few family visits
– 4. in army until age 60
– 5. self discipline and obedience emphasized
• a. deprivation made strength
Girls and Women in Sparta
– 1. more rights than other Greeks
– 2. men away in military = ran house, some
• owned land
– 3. slaves did spinning and weaving
– 4. physical strength training to bear healthy
• children
What system of
government did Sparta use
?
2 Kings led army; elected
officials had more power than
kings and managed foreign
affairs and daily life – very
strict control of slaves to
prevent rebellion
What was the difference in
roles of men and women in
Athenian society ?
A. Boys and Men in
Athens
–
–
–
–
–
•
B.
–
–
1. physical training and education
2. 2 years in army ages 18-20
3. humanities emphasized
4. wealthy had tutors for philos., public
• speaking, astronomy etc.
5. poor could read and write, but mostly
• farmed or became craftsmen
Girls and Women in Athens
1. little to no educ
2. few rights compared to other city states
• a. no service in govt
• b. no leaving homes
• c. no ownership of property
• d. no disobedience to husbands or dads
What were the key battles
and strategies of Sparta and
Athens in war against each
other and their power
struggle ?
ultimatum from Sparta and
allies – free all cities or war
– they went to war: lasted
at least 27 years =
Pelopponnesian War:
Athenians told to go into
city walls – plague struck,
starvation from grain
destroyed by Spartans –
eventually Athens
What marked the decline of
Athenian democracy ?
Spartan’ victory at first
destroyed Athenian
democracy and put tyrants in
power. King allowed the
democracy to be restored but
citizens did not participate
and became suspicious of
each other.
What influence did
Alexander the Great have on
Greece and Greece upon
Alexander the Great’s empire
?
D. Spreading Greek
Culture
–
–
–
–
1.
2.
3.
4.
largest empire world had ever seen
modeled cities after Greecian cities
temples, theaters
encouraged Greeks to settle
• a. art, lit and sci of Greece spread
– 5. encouraged conquered to keep own
• customs and traditions
– 6. led to Hellenistic culture
• a. like Greek,but with Persian, Egyptian
– Syrian and other cultures ideas
He admired greek life and was a student of
Aristotle. Built cities on greek model, left
Greeks to rule, greecians become teachers
of science, art, literature and philosophy in
the western world; greeks within Egypt and
Persia allowed to live Greek, ; his city of
Alexandria and its museum and library
became center of arts, literature, math,
philosophy
How can the Hellenistic era
best be described ?
Greek like
What characterized Grecian
Art ?
Realism of human body
statues
What was the purpose of
the Grecian Olympics ?
honor gods in sports festival
What style of architecture
was used by Greeks ?
Temples of columns
What are well known
written works of the
Greeks ?
Herodotus – history,
Asristophanes – comedies,
Thucydides – Peoloponisian
war,
What distinguishes the
philosophers Socrates, Plato
and Aristotle from each
other ?
Asking questions, trial and
death; school and wrote the
Republic; live in moderation
not greed
Who were some of the most
well known scientists and
mathematicians of ancient
Greece ?
Archimedes, Pythagoras,
Aristarchus, Hippocrates,
Euclid