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Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Mendel and His Peas Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 1. What is heredity? a. traits passing from offspring to parents b. traits passing from parents to offspring c. offspring with no genotypes d. traits disappearing in offspring WHO WAS GREGOR MENDEL? 2. In what country was Gregor Mendel born? a. United States b. Austria c. Germany d. Italy 3. Where did Gregor Mendel first learn about flowers and fruit trees? a. in a lab b. at a college c. at a monastery d. on a farm 4. Where did Gregor Mendel do his research? a. in a lab b. at a college c. at a monastery d. on a farm Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 10 Heredity Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading B continued UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY Read the description. Then, draw a line from the dot next to each description to the matching word. 5. when a plant can fertilize itself 6. when all offspring have the same traits as the parent 7. when one plant fertilizes another plant 8. different forms of characteristics 9. used for Mendel’s experiments 10. different forms in a population • • • • • • a. self-pollinating b. cross-pollinating c. true-breeding a. characteristics b. traits c. pea plants MENDEL’S FIRST EXPERIMENTS Read the words in the box. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. recessive dominant 11. A trait always seen in the first generation is the trait. 12. A trait that reappears in the second generation is the trait. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 11 Heredity Back Lesson Print Name Class Date Directed Reading B continued MENDEL’S SECOND EXPERIMENTS Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 13. What happened in the second generation, when Mendel allowed the first-generation plants to self-pollinate? a. The dominant trait disappeared. b. The recessive trait disappeared. c. The dominant trait showed up. d. The recessive trait showed up. Ratios in Mendel’s experiments 14. What is a ratio? a. the second generation of a plant b. the relationship between two different things c. the cross-pollination of a plant d. the passing of traits from parents to offspring Gregor Mendel–Gone but Not Forgotten 15. When did Mendel get the recognition he deserved? a. more than 30 years after his death b. the day after he died c. immediately after his experiments d. 100 years after his death Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 12 Heredity Back Lesson Print PAGE TEACHER RESOURCE 25. half the number of chromosomes that 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. were present in the original cell meiosis genotype sex chromosomes two X chromosomes one X and one Y chromosome the X chromosome the Y chromosome They are more likely to have a sex-linked disorder. Answers will vary. Sample answer: color blindness and hemophilia pedigree carrier recessive selective breeding Directed Reading B SECTION: MENDEL AND HIS PEAS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. B B D C A C B B C A dominant recessive D B A Vocabulary and Section Summary SECTION: MENDEL AND HIS PEAS 1. heredity: the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring 2. dominant trait: the trait observed in the second generation when parents with different traits are bred 3. recessive trait: a trait that reappears in the third generation after disappearing in the second generation when parents with different traits are bred. SECTION: TRAITS AND INHERITANCE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. C D A D B B C B D B A C B B B B D C D B A C B A D meiosis X chromosomes Y chromosome hemophilia pedigree carriers recessive selective breeding 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. SECTION: TRAITS AND INHERITANCE A B C D C A B A D B C 1. gene: one set of instructions for an inherited trait 2. allele: one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color 3. phenotype: an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic 4. genotype: the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also, the combination of genes for one or more specific traits 5. probability: the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event SECTION: MEIOSIS 1. C 2. B 3. A Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 92 Heredity