Download Intro to Mendelian Genetics

https://conradchrabol.wordpress.com/mendels-early-works/
Intro to Mendelian
Genetics
Honors Biology
What is Genetics?
The science that studies
Heredity
___________.
Heredity is passing of
characteristics
from parent to
offspring.
https://www.the-joke-box.com/picture/192/genetics.html
The Father of Genetics:
Gregor Mendel was an
____________
Austrian monk that was
born in 1822.
In the monastery, he studied
traits
genetic ______
and gave us a
genes
basic understanding of _______
and how they work.
https://www.lexile.com/book/details/9780810954755/
Mendel’s experiments were
designed by using
pea plants
____________
in the
monastery garden
Pea plants have both
male
___________
and
female
__________
parts
pollen
Pea plant transfer _______
(sperm) to the egg located in
same
the _______
plant, resulting in
one
________
parent.
This is called
______________
Self-Pollination
Fertilization
____________
is the
uniting
process of _________
the
pollen (sperm) and egg.
Mendel’s Pea Experiments:
Mendel started his experiments
with peas that were
true-breeding
_________________
= if allowed to
self pollinate
_________________
they would produce
offspring identical
____________________
to themselves.
Mendel’s Pea Experiment
removed pollen
Mendel ____________________
making parts and
added pollen
____________
another plant.
from _______
This allowed him to
cross-breed
_____________
plants
different
with ______________
characteristics and
study
________
the results
http://hus.yksd.com/distanceedcourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/FourthQuarter/Ch
apter11/11-1/images/MendelExperiment.gif
specific characteristic
A _____________________
is
trait
called a ____________
Mendel tested
7 different traits
_________________
in peas.
Pearson Education Inc,; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
When Mendel crossed truePURE
breeding (________)
PLANTS
Contrasting
with 2 ______________
traits:
(EX: Tall crossed with short)
Mendel’s Pea Experiment
P1 generation
____
Parental
(_________)
F1
____
generation
Filial
(______=
offspring)
F2 generation
___
He always found the same pattern:
showed
one
1. ONLY ______
trait ____________
F1 generation
in the ____
BUT . . .
Both
2. ___________
traits
F2
were found in ____
missing
generation. The ________
returned
trait __________
in a
3:1
_________
ratio.
It’s all about the patterns!
Image modified from:
http://www.laskerfoundation.org/rprimers/gnn/timeline/1866.html
http://www.biology.lifeeasy.org/2502/explain-the-law-ofdominance-using-a-monohybrid-cross
http://www.tubechop.com/watch/7029990
Mendel decided that there must
factors
be a pair of ___________
that
control
________each
trait and that
one factor
__________
must be able to
hide
_______
the other.
The factors Mendel referred
to are now known as
genes
_______
that are carried on
homologous
the _____________
chromosome
_____________.
http://www.biologyjunction.com/karyotype_lab.htm
A gene is a stretch of DNA or
RNA that determines a certain
trait.
Genes can have two or more
allele
different CHOICES. An _______
is one of the choices for the
gene.
Example: Eye color
Dominant
__________________
= An allele
hides
that ________
the presence of
another allele
Recessive
__________________
= An allele
is hidden by
that __________________
the
presence of another allele
http://io9.com/yet-another-lesson-that-shouldbe-banished-from-biology-1204061434
Dominant is represented by a
CAPITAL LETTER
____________.
Recessive is represented by
lowercase letter
a ____________.
How does the recessive
trait skip a generation?
P1
F1
F2
Chromosomes
The movement of ____________
in _________.
Meiosis
Remember Meiosis?
homologous
_____________
chromosomes
separate
_________
during
ANAPHASE I
SEGREGATION
= _________________
Image modified from:
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif
received
F1 offspring __________
____
an
allele for tallness from their
tall
_______
parent and an allele for
short
shortness from their ________
parent.
http://gladewaterbiology.blogspot.com/2009/11/law-of-dominance.html
The F1 plants ALL
LOOK TALL
___________
but are
carrying
___________
an
allele for
short
_____________
What’s happening in F1 CROSS?
SEGREGATION
LAW OF ___________________
alleles are separated
when the F1 plants
made gametes
______________
When these gametes
recombined to make the F2
generation, the
short
_____________
trait
reappears
_______________
in ¼
of the offspring
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