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Classifying Organisms Lesson One How do Scientist Classify Organisms? The Six Kingdoms Scientist use a system of biological classification to keep track of millions of different species. This system is a way to put species into groups. kingdom – the highest level of biological classification Scientist study the external and internal structure of living things to group them. They use this information to group species according to how closely they are related. Six Kingdoms Six Kingdoms of Living Things Kingdom Description Examples Archaebacteria One-celled, Simple cells; Make their own food Eubacteria One-celled, Simple cells; Some make own food Protists Most one-celled, Complex cells; Some make own food Fungi Most have many cells; Mushrooms, absorb food from mold, mildew surroundings Plants Many cells, Make own food Moss, grass, trees Animals Many cells, Do not make own food Worm, ant frog, humans Algae, amoebas Classifying To group organisms, scientist classify organisms in 4 ways: 1. external structures 2. internal structures 3. cells 4. chemical processes inside cells How do scientist classify? Scientist use a process called dichotomous key to identify living things. The word dichotomous means “divided into two parts”. The key gives two characteristics to choose between. These choices help scientist determine what the organism can be. dichotomous key - a tool used to identify organisms based on a contrasting pair of characteristics Bacteria - (Have 2 Kingdoms) Bacteria - Small, single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Bacteria are the most numerous kind of organism. Archaebacteria Eubacteria 76 Archaebacteria 1. Archaebacteria In 1983, scientists tool samples from a spot deep in in the Pacific Ocean. n These bacteria have lived on Earth longer than any other organism. **Some kinds live only where there is no oxygen and other kinds live in areas where the heat is so high that most life forms can’t survive. 87 Eubacteria Eubacteria are also complex and single celled. Most bacteria are in the EUBACTERIA kingdom. They are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with. . Most eubacteria are helpful. Some produce vitamins and foods like yogurt. However, these eubacteria, Streptococci pictured above, can give you strep throat! Protists Protists - A single-celled or multi-cellular organism that may share characteristics with plants, fungi, and animals. Protist cells have a nucleus, and their structures have 2 or more parts. Protists cells have a nucleus, and other structures have 2 or more parts. Fungi Fungi - A kingdom of organisms, with a nucleus, that get nutrients by decomposing other organisms. Some fungi taste great and others can kill you! Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants, however, unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil. Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom Fungi. **Fungi grow fast and reproduce by spores. Plants Plants have many cells. Most plants make their own food using the Sun’s energy and have a nucleus. They have tissues, organs, cell walls, and chloroplasts. They are classified according to the ways they transport water and reproduce.