Download Chapter 37 - The Legacy of Rome in the Modern World - Linn

History Alive
- Chapter 37: The Legacy of Rome
in the Modern World VOCABULARY
____________ - a contribution of one culture to another
__________________ - the art of designing buildings
_______ - human creations intended to express beauty and convey messages
__________________ - the science of building structures and the like
________________ - spoken and written words used to communicate thoughts, ideas, and
feelings
________________ - a theory or set of values by which one lives; the search for wisdom or
knowledge
_______ - a legal system
__________________ - having the characteristics of Roman art with a strong Greek influence
__________________ - a period of European history around the 14th century in which there was
a rebirth of interest and accomplishments in art, literature, and learning
_______ - an arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or roof
_______ - a half-round or hemisphere-shaped roof
37.1 — Introduction
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Christianity was one __________ of many from ancient Rome. There are six other aspects
of life that Romans have passed down to us.
37.2 — The End of the Empire in the West
There are several reasons to why such a powerful empire ___________, known as the
“Fall of the Roman Empire.”
Political Instability
• Rome never solved the problem of how to ________________ transfer political power to
a new and capable leader. When an emperor died, ambitious rivals often fought each other
for the emperor’s crown. Many times emperors were murdered because of the quest for
power. After 180 C.E., Rome had a series of weak and dishonest emperors.
Economic and Social Issues
• To support Rome’s huge armies, its citizens had to pay heavy taxes. These taxes hurt the
economy and drove many people into ____________. Trade also suffered.
Weakening Frontiers
• The huge size of the empire made it hard to defend. Germanic tribes were pressing hard
on the ____________ borders of the empire.
The Fall of Rome
• The emperor Constantine moved the capital to the east, to the ancient city of Byzantium.
Later, it was called ___________________. After his reign, power was divided between
two emperors, one based in Rome and the other in Constantinople. Rome became the
capital of just the western part of the empire.
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The Germanic tribes attacked Rome and drove out the last emperor in the west. In the
east, the empire continued for another 1,000 years as the Byzantine Empire.
37.3 — Art
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Roman art was influenced very much by the arts of the Greeks. __________________ art
were focused on realism, making statues and painting lifelike.
Romans were great _____________ (sponsors) of art. They paid thousands of painters,
sculptors, and craftspeople to create their worlds, leaving behind many examples to inspire
future generations.
After the fall of the empire, Roman art was rediscovered during the _________________.
Artists like Michelangelo revived the Greco-Roman style in their paintings and sculptures.
37.4 — Architecture and Engineering
The Romans’ greatest contributions to science and technology came in the practical fields
of architecture and engineering.
Architecture
• Romans learned how to use the vault and the ________ to build huge structures.
• They were the first to invent concrete and were able to build much bigger arches than
anyone had attempted before.
• Romans invented a new kind of building, the ____________, as shown by the Colosseum.
• Roman buildings have inspired many ______________ through the centuries. The Arc de
Triomphe in Paris, France modeled its structure after the Roman triumphal arch, and the
U.S. Capitol building uses the dome shape.
•
Engineering
• Romans were the greatest builders of _________, bridges, and aqueducts in the ancient
world. They built nearly 53,000 miles of roads to connect Rome to the ends of the empire
with layers of stone, sand, and gravel.
• Even though they did not invent the ____________, the Romans learned the technique
and expanded on it. Their aqueducts were able to bring water from about 60 miles away
into the city’s homes, public baths, and fountains.
37.5 — Language
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The official Roman language was __________, which is the basis of many European
languages. Italian, Spanish, and French all come from Latin. Even though English is a
Germanic language, it uses many Latin prefixes and has words based on Latin roots.
Latin Prefixes Used in English Words
Latin Roots Used in English Words
Latin Prefix
Latin Root
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Meaning
English Words
Meaning
English Word
The Roman _____________ are also still widely used today, on clocks, sundials, as well as
movie credits to show which year a move was made.
Roman Numerals
Seven Basic
Roman
Numerals
Meaning
Other
Roman
Numerals
Meaning
37.6 — Philosophy and Law
Roman philosophy and law were also greatly influenced by the ___________.
A Philosophy Called Stoicism
• _____________ was a philosophy that came from the Greeks. Stoics believed that a divine
intelligence ruled all of nature and the one truly good thing in life was to have a good
character. This meant having self-control and courage. Stoics were famous for bearing pain
and suffering bravely and quietly.
Law and Justice
• Roman _________ covered all parts of life, including marriages, inheritances, and contracts
between people.
• Another legacy was the Roman idea of ________________. The Romans believed that
there was universal law of justice that came from nature and that everyone had rights.
Romans spread this idea by applying it to all citizens of the empire. Judges in Roman courts
tried to make fair decisions that respected people’s rights.
• However, Romans did not always live up to their __________. Their courts did not treat
the poor or slaves as equal to the rich.
•
Chapter 37 Essential Questions
1. What problems contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire? What ultimately brought about
the end of the empire?
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2. In what ways did the Romans influence modern art, architecture, and engineering?
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3. Why is Latin an important legacy of Rome?
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4. What lasting contributions did the Romans make in the areas of philosophy and law?
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5. Compare Roman achievements to those of the earlier Greeks. Think about areas such as art,
architecture, engineering, political thought, religion, and philosophy. What are some major
influences of both cultures on our lives today?
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