Download Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology
Question 1
A frontal section divides the body into:
Anterior and posterior parts
Right and left parts
Midsagittal and median section
Superior and inferior parts
Question 1 Explanation:A frontal section is a cut made along a
lengthwise plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior
parts.
Question 2
Which membrane junction is responsible for preventing the skin cells from pulling apart during a mechanical stress
such as someone pulling a person’s extremity?
Gap junctions
Desosomes
Tight junctions
Microvilli
Question 2 Explanation:a. Gap junctions – commonly seen in the
heart and embryonic cells that functions mainly to allow
communication. b. Desosomes – anchoring junctions that prevent
the skin cells from pulling apart during a mechanical stress c.
Tight junctions – impermeable junctions that bind cells together
into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing
through the extracellular space between cells. d. Microvilli – tiny
fingerlike projections that increases the cell’s surface area for
absorption.
Question 3
The fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents is called:
Nuclear membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleoli
Plasma membrane
Question 3 Explanation:Plasma membrane (or cell membrane)
contains all cell contents and separates them from the
surrounding environment. a. Nuclear membrane – a double
membrane barrier that binds the nucleus b. Cytoplasm – the
cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma
membrane. c. Nucleoli – dark-staining, round bodies in the
nucleus.
Question 4
The knee in relation to the thigh is termed as:
Distal
Proximal
Ventral
Dorsal
Question 4 Explanation:The knee is distal (farther from the origin
of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk) to the thigh. Proximal means closer to the origin of a body
part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. Ventral
means anterior or toward or at the front of a body. Dorsal means
posterior or toward or at the backside of the body.
Question 5
The process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
to become evenly distributed is called:
Filtration
Diffusion
Passive transport process
Active transport process
Question 5 Explanation:Diffusion is the process by which
molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed.
Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced
through a membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic
pressure. Passive transport processes substances are
transported across the membrane without energy input from the
cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the metabolic
energy ATP that drives the transport process.
Question 6
The substance present in the largest amount in a solution is which of the following?
Solutes
Solvent
Solution
Interstitial fluid
Question 6 Explanation:a. Solutes – tiny components present in
small amounts. b. Solvent – the substance present in the largest
amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture of two or more
components d. Interstitial fluid – the fluid that continuously
bathes the exterior of the cells.
Question 7
A patient is complaining of pain in the region at the right side of the hypogastric region. This area of the abdomen is
also known as:
Right Hypochondriac region
Right iliac region
Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Question 7 Explanation:Right iliac region is located at the right
side of the hypogastric region. Right hypochondriac lies beside
the epigastric region while the right lumbar lies beside the
umbilical area.
Question 8
The cellular material outside the nucleus but is located inside the cell membrane is called:
Nucleoli
Chromatin
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Question 8 Explanation:Cytoplasm is the cellular material outside
the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane. a. Nucleoli - darkstaining, round bodies in the nucleus. b. Chromatin – loose
network of bumpy threads that is scattered throughout the
nucleus. c. Cytoplasm d. Plasma membrane - (or cell membrane)
contains all cell contents and separates them from the
surrounding environment.
Question 9
The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic
pressure is called:
Filtration
Diffusion
Passive transport process
Active transport process
Question 9 Explanation:Filtration is the process by which water
and solutes are forced through a membrane or capillary wall by
fluid or hydrostatic pressure. Diffusion is the process by which
molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed. Passive
transport processes substances are transported across the
membrane without energy input from the cell. In active transport
processes
Question 10
If the located area is at pointing away from the midline of the body it is termed as:
Caudal
Distal
Proximal
Lateral
Question 10 Explanation:a. Caudal – inferior; away from the head
end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body. b. Distal farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of
a limb to the body trunk c. Proximal – closer to the origin of a
body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
d. Lateral - pointing away from the midline of the body
Question 11
The cells that fight disease is known as:
Nerve Cell
Epithelial Cell
Fibroblast
Macrophages
Question 11 Explanation:A phagocytic cell or macrophages are
cells that crawl through tissue to reach infection sites. Epithelial
cells are the ones that cover and lines body organs. Fibroblast
connects body parts while nerve cells or neurons are for
gathering information and controlling body function.
Question 12
The plasma membrane in the body allows some substances to pass through it while excluding others. This type of
barrier is termed as:
Passive transport process
Selective permeability
Filtration
Active transport processes
Question 12 Explanation:The plasma membrane is a selective
permeable barrier. Passive transport processes substances are
transported across the membrane without energy input from the
cell. In active transport processes, the cellprovides the metabolic
energy ATP that drives the transport process. Filtration is the
process by which water and solutes are forced through a
membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure.
Question 13
A clinical instructor is discussing about the body planes and sections. When a section is made along a horizontal
plane the body is divided into:
Anterior and posterior parts
Right and left parts
Midsagittal and median section
Superior and inferior parts
Question 13 Explanation:When a section is made along a
horizontal plane (transverse section) the body is divided into
superior and inferior parts. If a sagittal section is done
(lengthwise/longitudinal plane) the body is divided into right and
left parts. A frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane
dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Question 14
Most school age children are having cuts or wounds at the anterior knee region because of the tendency to fall during
extreme activity involvement. The anterior knee region is also known as:
Popliteal
Patellar
Antecubital
Tarsal
Question 14 Explanation:a. Popliteal – posterior knee area b.
Patellar – anterior knee c. Antecubital – anterior surface of the
elbow d. Tarsal – ankle region
Question 15
A correct anatomical position is best exemplified by which of the following?
Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with
thumbs pointing towards the body.
Standing up with palms held backward with thumbs
pointing towards the body.
Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with
thumbs pointing away from the body.
Standing up with palms held unnaturally forward with
thumbs pointing towards the body.
Question 15 Explanation:A correct anatomical position is similar
to a “standing at attention” but is less comfortable because the
palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing away from
the body.
Question 16
To maintain homeostasis the body function interacts. The homeostatic control mechanism that responds to
environmental changes is called:
Effector
Receptor
Control center
Stimuli
Question 16 Explanation:a. Effector – produces the response b.
Receptor – responds to environmental change c. Control center –
assesses the changes present d. Stimuli – the change itself
Question 17
When the body is divided into right and left parts the cut is a:
Frontal section
Sagittal section
Coronal section
Cross section
Question 17 Explanation:a. Frontal section – divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts b. Sagittal section – divides the body
into right and left parts c. Coronal section – other term for frontal
section d. Cross section – divides the body into superior and
inferior parts
Question 18
The dorsal cavity of the body has two subdivisions. Select all dorsal body cavity. A. Thoracic B. Cranial C. Spinal D.
Adbominopelvic
A and B
B and C
C and D
B and D
Question 18 Explanation:Dorsal (posterior) body cavities are well
protected by bones and consist of the cranial and spinal cavities.
Ventral cavities are less protected and consist of thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities.
Question 19
Knowledge on body landmarks is essential to learn about anatomy and physiology. The posterior surface of the lower
leg is known as:
Sural
Olecranal
Crural
Fibular
Question 19 Explanation:a. Sural - the posterior surface of the
lower leg b. Olecranal – posterior surface of the elbow c. Crucal –
anterior leg area/region d. Fibular – lateral part of the leg
Question 20
The genetic material , deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is contained in:
Nucleus
Nucleoli
Chromatin
Chromosome
Question 19 Explanation:a. Sural - the posterior surface of the
lower leg b. Olecranal – posterior surface of the elbow c. Crucal –
anterior leg area/region d. Fibular – lateral part of the leg
Question 21
While on duty, the student nurse notices that the client’s crural area has lesions and abrasions. Crural area is also
known as the:
Posterior surface of the lower leg
Posterior surface of the elbow
Anterior leg area
Lateral part of the leg
Question 21 Explanation:a. Posterior surface of the lower leg sural b. Posterior surface of the elbow - olecranal c. Anterior leg
area - crural d. Lateral part of the leg – fibular
Question 22
An adolescent has been participating in a competitive sport game. Accidentally, he fell off and complains of pain in
his coxal area. The adolescent has pain on:
Posterior knee area
Hip area
Thigh area
Point of shoulder
Question 22 Explanation:a. Posterior knee area – popliteal b. Hip
area – coxal c. Thigh area – femoral d. Point of shoulder –
acromial
Question 23
A homogeneous mixture of two or more components is known as:
Solutes
Solvent
Solution
Interstitial fluid
Question 23 Explanation:a. Solutes – tiny components present in
small amounts. b. Solvent – the substance present in the largest
amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture of two or more
components d. Interstitial fluid – the fluid that continuously
bathes the exterior of the cells.
Question 24
To sustain life an individual must be able to function properly. Survival needs include the following apart from:
Atmospheric pressure
Oxygen
Gravity
None of these
Question 24 Explanation:Survival needs include water, food,
oxygen, appropriate temperature, atmospheric pressure. Because
of the word “apart from” the correct answer is letter D. (Source:
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology by Marieb 8th Ed. P 9)
Question 25
The abdominal region located at the left side of the umbilical area is called:
Left Hypochondriac region
Left iliac region
Left lumbar region
Epigastric area
Question 25 Explanation:Left lumbar lies beside the umbilical
area. Left hypochondriac lies beside the epigastric region. Left
iliac region is located at the left side of the hypogastric region.