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Back Print Name Class Date Assessment Chapter Test A A Family of Planets MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. ______ 1. Why are the inner planets called terrestrial planets? FAMs2 a. because they are very hot b. because they resemble Earth c. because most are gas giants d. because they can support life ______ 2. What is the most useful unit for measuring distances within the solar system? FAMs1 a. the light-year b. the parsec c. the kilometer d. the astronomical unit ______ 3. Why do active planets generally have fewer impacts than bodies like the moon? FAMs5 a. because fewer objects orbit near these planets b. because most impacts occur in remote areas c. because geological activity removes their effects d. because many objects fall in the ocean ______ 4. What is one way that gas giants differ from the terrestrial planets? a. They are much smaller. FAMs3 b. They are made of rocks and ice. c. Their atmospheres are massive. d. Their surfaces are hard. ______ 5. What is the current theory about the origin of the moon? FAMs4 a. The moon was a large asteroid captured by Earth’s gravity. b. The moon resulted when a large body struck Earth. c. The moon formed at the same time from the same materials. d. The moon spun off from a spinning rapidly Earth. ______ 6. What is the evidence that Mars once had liquid water? FAMs2 a. the composition of Martian icecaps b. fossils of sea life recovered in missions c. the dark color of the Martian sand d. features that resemble dry riverbeds Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 71 A Family of Planets Print Back Name Class Date Chapter Test A continued MATCHING Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. Some terms will not be used. ______ 7. This planet is known for its spectacular ring system. FAMs3 FAMs2 a. Earth b. Jupiter c. Mars ______ 8. This is the smallest planet in the solar system. FAMs3 d. Mercury ______ 9. This planet’s year is only 88 Earth days long. e. Neptune ______10. This planet had a storm system called the Great Dark Spot. FAMs3 f. Saturn g. Uranus h. Pluto ______11. This is the only planet known to contain life as we know it. FAMs2 i. Venus ______12. This planet spins with a retrograde rotation. FAMs2 Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. Some terms will not be used. FAMs4 ______13. This moon seems to have broken apart and been pieced back together by gravity. ______14. This moon is larger than the planet Mercury. FAMs4 ______15. This moon revolves around its planet in a retrograde orbit. FAMs4 ______16. This moon is the largest satellite relative to the size of its planet. FAMs4 ______ 17. This moon is oddly shaped and may be a captured asteroid. FAMs4 a. Charon b. Callisto c. Europa d. Ganymede e. Io f. Luna g. Miranda h. Phobos i. Triton ______18. This moon originated when a planet-sized body collided with Earth. FAMs4 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 72 A Family of Planets Back Print Name Class Date Chapter Test A continued MULTIPLE CHOICE The figure below shows the orbits of the planets around the sun. Refer to this figure to answer questions 19 through 22. In the space provided, write the letter of numbered orbit(s) on the figure that matches objects in our cosmic neighborhood. 1 2 5 3 4 6 7 9 8 ______19. Which number represents the orbit of Saturn? FAMs1 a. 4 c. 6 b. 5 d. 7 ______20. Which number represents the orbit of Venus? FAMs1 a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 ______21. Beyond what numbered orbit are the comets of the Kuiper Belt found? a. 6 FAMs5 c. 8 b. 7 d. 9 ______22. Between which two orbits is the asteroid belt located? FAMs5 a. 4 and 5 c. 3 and 4 b. 8 and 9 d. 6 and 7 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 73 A Family of Planets Back Print Name Class Date Chapter Test A continued MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. ______23. Why do we always see the same side of the moon from Earth? FAMs4 a. because its phases are constantly changing b. because its period of rotation equals its period of revolution c. because half of the moon is always in sunlight d. because the moon changes its position relative to Earth ______24. Why is it important to study smaller bodies such as comets or asteroids? a. They help us learn the history of our solar system. FAMs5 b. Many are located beyond where space missions travel. c. They are left over solar system material. d. Many of them are rich in organic materials. ______25. Why don’t solar and lunar eclipses occur every month? FAMs4 a. The moon’s orbit is an ellipse. b. The moon’s distance from Earth changes. c. The shadows do not line up correctly. d. The moon’s orbit is tilted. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 74 A Family of Planets Back Print RESOURCE PAGE TEACHER SECTION: SMALL BODIES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. F E A B D 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C D A C B Chapter Test A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. B D C C B D F H D E A I G 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 13. The current theory states that as 14. D I A H F C B C A B A D 15. 16. Chapter Test B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. retrograde meteorite satellites terrestrial planets comets C A D B C The inner planets are terrestrial. They are small, dense, and rocky. The outer planets are gas giants, with thick atmospheres and no solid surface. The only exception is Pluto, which is small and rocky. The inner planets’ orbits are also fairly close together, while the outer planets’ orbits are very far apart. 12. In a solar eclipse, the moon passes between the sun and the Earth, and the moon’s shadow falls on the surface of the Earth. In a lunar eclipse, the Earth passes between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow on the moon’s surface. 17. 18. the Earth was still forming, a large planet-sized object collided with it and broke off a piece of the Earth’s mantle. This piece of the mantle combined with part of the colliding body to form the moon, which then began to orbit the Earth. 780,000,000 300,000 km/s 2,600 s 2,600 s 60 s/min 43.3 min It takes about 43.3 minutes for sunlight to reach Jupiter. Answers will vary. Sample answer: A year would be 3.5 percent longer (a difference of 0.035). The days would be very long because its rotational period is 72.4 hours. The new planet would not have seasons because its axis is not tilted. The planet has a retrograde rotation, so the sun would rise in the west instead of in the east, because the planet rotates west to east. Because most of these bodies have only a thin atmosphere to slow objects down, most impact craters remain. But active planets with weather systems like Earth tend to erase the features of impact craters through erosion and tectonic activity. Such large impact events affected the history of life on our planet by triggering global scale environmental crisises. Many scientists think that such impact events have been at least partly responsible for “mass extinctions” in the distant past. They also provide the conditions on which evolutionary forces can act. Starting with the New Moon (the dark unlit phase) in the far right position the lunar phases should be labeled in this order: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. These phases are caused by the changing positions of the moon relative to the sun and the Earth. As the moon revolves around Earth, the amount of the sunlit portion of the moon visible from Earth changes. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Science and Technology 129 A Family of Planets