Download Chapter Test A

Back
Print
Name
Class
Date
Assessment
Chapter Test A
A Family of Planets
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
______ 1. Why are the inner planets called terrestrial planets? FAMs2
a. because they are very hot
b. because they resemble Earth
c. because most are gas giants
d. because they can support life
______ 2. What is the most useful unit for measuring distances within the solar
system? FAMs1
a. the light-year
b. the parsec
c. the kilometer
d. the astronomical unit
______ 3. Why do active planets generally have fewer impacts than bodies like
the moon? FAMs5
a. because fewer objects orbit near these planets
b. because most impacts occur in remote areas
c. because geological activity removes their effects
d. because many objects fall in the ocean
______ 4. What is one way that gas giants differ from the terrestrial planets?
a. They are much smaller. FAMs3
b. They are made of rocks and ice.
c. Their atmospheres are massive.
d. Their surfaces are hard.
______ 5. What is the current theory about the origin of the moon? FAMs4
a. The moon was a large asteroid captured by Earth’s gravity.
b. The moon resulted when a large body struck Earth.
c. The moon formed at the same time from the same materials.
d. The moon spun off from a spinning rapidly Earth.
______ 6. What is the evidence that Mars once had liquid water? FAMs2
a. the composition of Martian icecaps
b. fossils of sea life recovered in missions
c. the dark color of the Martian sand
d. features that resemble dry riverbeds
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Science and Technology
71
A Family of Planets
Print
Back
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Test A continued
MATCHING
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided. Some terms will not be used.
______ 7. This planet is known for its spectacular ring
system. FAMs3
FAMs2
a. Earth
b. Jupiter
c. Mars
______ 8. This is the smallest planet in the solar
system. FAMs3
d. Mercury
______ 9. This planet’s year is only 88 Earth days long.
e. Neptune
______10. This planet had a storm system called the
Great Dark Spot. FAMs3
f. Saturn
g. Uranus
h. Pluto
______11. This is the only planet known to contain life
as we know it. FAMs2
i. Venus
______12. This planet spins with a retrograde rotation. FAMs2
Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space
provided. Some terms will not be used.
FAMs4
______13. This moon seems to have broken apart
and been pieced back together by gravity.
______14. This moon is larger than the planet
Mercury. FAMs4
______15. This moon revolves around its planet
in a retrograde orbit. FAMs4
______16. This moon is the largest satellite
relative to the size of its planet. FAMs4
______ 17. This moon is oddly shaped and
may be a captured asteroid. FAMs4
a. Charon
b. Callisto
c. Europa
d. Ganymede
e. Io
f. Luna
g. Miranda
h. Phobos
i. Triton
______18. This moon originated when a planet-sized
body collided with Earth. FAMs4
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Science and Technology
72
A Family of Planets
Back
Print
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Test A continued
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The figure below shows the orbits of the planets around the sun. Refer to this
figure to answer questions 19 through 22. In the space provided, write the letter of
numbered orbit(s) on the figure that matches objects in our cosmic neighborhood.
1
2
5
3
4
6
7
9
8
______19. Which number represents the orbit of Saturn? FAMs1
a. 4
c. 6
b. 5
d. 7
______20. Which number represents the orbit of Venus? FAMs1
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
______21. Beyond what numbered orbit are the comets of the Kuiper Belt found?
a. 6 FAMs5
c. 8
b. 7
d. 9
______22. Between which two orbits is the asteroid belt located? FAMs5
a. 4 and 5
c. 3 and 4
b. 8 and 9
d. 6 and 7
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Science and Technology
73
A Family of Planets
Back
Print
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Test A continued
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
______23. Why do we always see the same side of the moon from Earth? FAMs4
a. because its phases are constantly changing
b. because its period of rotation equals its period of revolution
c. because half of the moon is always in sunlight
d. because the moon changes its position relative to Earth
______24. Why is it important to study smaller bodies such as comets or
asteroids?
a. They help us learn the history of our solar system. FAMs5
b. Many are located beyond where space missions travel.
c. They are left over solar system material.
d. Many of them are rich in organic materials.
______25. Why don’t solar and lunar eclipses occur every month? FAMs4
a. The moon’s orbit is an ellipse.
b. The moon’s distance from Earth changes.
c. The shadows do not line up correctly.
d. The moon’s orbit is tilted.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Science and Technology
74
A Family of Planets
Back
Print RESOURCE PAGE
TEACHER
SECTION: SMALL BODIES IN THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F
E
A
B
D
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C
D
A
C
B
Chapter Test A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
B
D
C
C
B
D
F
H
D
E
A
I
G
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
13. The current theory states that as
14.
D
I
A
H
F
C
B
C
A
B
A
D
15.
16.
Chapter Test B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
retrograde
meteorite
satellites
terrestrial planets
comets
C
A
D
B
C
The inner planets are terrestrial. They
are small, dense, and rocky. The outer
planets are gas giants, with thick
atmospheres and no solid surface. The
only exception is Pluto, which is small
and rocky. The inner planets’ orbits
are also fairly close together, while the
outer planets’ orbits are very far apart.
12. In a solar eclipse, the moon passes
between the sun and the Earth, and
the moon’s shadow falls on the surface
of the Earth. In a lunar eclipse, the
Earth passes between the sun and the
moon, casting a shadow on the moon’s
surface.
17.
18.
the Earth was still forming, a large
planet-sized object collided with it and
broke off a piece of the Earth’s mantle.
This piece of the mantle combined
with part of the colliding body to form
the moon, which then began to orbit
the Earth.
780,000,000 300,000 km/s 2,600 s
2,600 s 60 s/min 43.3 min
It takes about 43.3 minutes for
sunlight to reach Jupiter.
Answers will vary. Sample answer: A
year would be 3.5 percent longer (a
difference of 0.035). The days would
be very long because its rotational
period is 72.4 hours. The new planet
would not have seasons because its
axis is not tilted. The planet has a
retrograde rotation, so the sun would
rise in the west instead of in the east,
because the planet rotates west to east.
Because most of these bodies have
only a thin atmosphere to slow objects
down, most impact craters remain.
But active planets with weather
systems like Earth tend to erase the
features of impact craters through
erosion and tectonic activity. Such
large impact events affected the
history of life on our planet by
triggering global scale environmental
crisises. Many scientists think that
such impact events have been at
least partly responsible for “mass
extinctions” in the distant past. They
also provide the conditions on which
evolutionary forces can act.
Starting with the New Moon (the dark
unlit phase) in the far right position
the lunar phases should be labeled
in this order: new moon, waxing
crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous,
full moon, waning gibbous, last
quarter, and waning crescent.
These phases are caused by the
changing positions of the moon
relative to the sun and the Earth.
As the moon revolves around Earth,
the amount of the sunlit portion of the
moon visible from Earth changes.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Science and Technology
129
A Family of Planets