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Developing a Lesson Plan Architecture in Ancient Greece Standard: HSS0219 Culture – The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created. HSS0227 Social Studies Skills – The student uses problem-solving and decision-making skills, working independently and with other, in a variety of settings. Objective: Students will identify attributes of ancient Greek architecture through a short reading and photograph handout. Students will use the newly learned information about Greek architecture to build a 3D model temple out of paper as a small group. Thinking Skill = Identify Attributes Content = Ancient Greek Architecture Resource = Handout with information taken from AncientGreece.com and photographs of the temples spoken about in the reading. Product = 3D Paper Model of Temple Procedure Motivation Planning Question How will the class be motivated to engage in the content and skills of the lesson? Learning Experience I will begin class by asking the students if they think I can hold up a book with a single piece of paper. After I listen to their reactions I will roll up a single page of printer paper and secure it with a piece of tape. I will then balance a book on the roll of paper. I will then ask the students if they think it can hold another book. I will keep adding books until the paper crumbles. I will use this motivation exercise to show the class how the Greeks found that round columns could hold substantial weight when building. We will discuss as a class why the paper only can hold up the book when it is rolled up. Demonstration What specific modeling will the teacher use to teach the relationship between the content and the skills? The motivational activity will begin the modeling of their assignment. This activity will show the students how to create columns when they are building their 3D models. We will then transition to a short reading on Greek architecture taken from AncientGreece.com. I have also added several photographs of the temples to the reading information. We will read this handout as a class. The students’ progress will be assessed during our discussion of the paper column activity. Check for Understanding Structured Practice What types of questions will the teacher ask to assess the students’ understanding of the task, the content, the skills in order to achieve the objective? What specific Teacher-Directed learning experiences will initiate attainment of the objective? How will the learning experience support the demonstration? As we read the handout as a class I will also stop after every new group of information to check for understanding. I will ask the students questions about what we just read. Finally, the students will be assessed more formally with their group assignment. The students will be creating 3D paper models of a temple as a small group. The model must reflect a Greek architectural style we just learned about. The students will be graded on use of new information in their plan, productive group work time, and creativity. Teacher-directed learning experiences will include the modeling of the assignment through the reading exercise, class discussion of new material, and motivation activity at the beginning of class. These tools will all be used in their group assignment. Students will be reading and discussing the new material as a group. The students will also be creating their temple models in small groups. Guided Practice What learning experiences can students perform in a socio-cultural context to further their expertise to achieve the objective? How will the teacher monitor the practice experience? What will students do independently to transfer the concept and skill of the objective into a complex, sophisticated understanding and performance of the objective? Independent Practice I will monitor the discussion and reading through cueing questions about each new set of information. I will also be circling the room as the students work in their group on the project. I will be asking the students questions about what they are creating and making sure they are working collaboratively. The students will be creating 3D paper model of a Greek temple as a small group. The model must reflect a Greek architectural style we just learned about. The students will be graded on use of new information in their plan, productive group work time, and creativity. Greek Architecture Assignment: You and your group members are Greek architects. You have been asked to design a new temple in Athens. The temple must reflect traditional Greek architecture. You must choose to build the temple in Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian style. Your model must be 3D and must be made entirely out of paper. You will have the rest of the class period to work on your temple. The temple will be graded on creativity, use of architectural style system, and productive use of work time. Architecture in Ancient Greece: Greek life was dominated by religion and so it is not surprising that the temples of ancient Greece were the biggest and most beautiful. They also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the patron deity of a city for success in war. The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric Ionic The Ionic style is thinner and The Doric style is rather sturdy more elegant. Its capital is and its top (the capital), is plain. decorated with a scroll-like This style was used in mainland design (a volute). This style was Greece and the colonies in found in eastern Greece and the southern Italy and Sicily. islands. Corinthian The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves. Doric Order: Parthenon- temple of Athena Parthenos, Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known. The Parthenon was built in Doric style. Work began on the Parthenon, built on the Acropolis, in 447 BC to replace an existing temple which was destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC and cost 469 silver talents to build. The work began under the orders of Pericles to show the wealth and exuberance of Athenian power. The name of the building most likely came from a cult statue of Athena Parthenos housed in the eastern room of the building. This magnificent structure was built of ivory and gold and was sculptured by the renowned sculptor Phidias. As with most buildings on the Acropolis it was dedicated to Athena to thank the Goddess for their success. The Parthenon was finally finished in 432 BC and was to show the world the dominance and power of Athens. Not only was the Parthenon a magnificent structure to look at, but it also showed Athenian dominance over the rest of the Greek peninsula and that Athens was its Greek imperial master. Ionic Order: Erechtheum - temple from the middle classical period of Greek art and architecture, built on the Acropolis of Athens between 421 and 405BC. The Erechtheum contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erechtheus. The Temple of Apollo at Didyma - The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19.5 m (64 ft) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. Corinthian Order: Corinthian order was the most ornate of the classic orders of architecture. It was also the latest, not arriving at full development until the middle of the 4th cent. B.C. The oldest known example, however, is found in the temple of Apollo at Bassae (c.420 B.C.). The Greeks made little use of the order; the chief example is the circular structure at Athens known as the choragic monument of Lysicrates ( 335 B.C.). The temple of Zeus at Athens (started in the 2d cent. B.C. and completed by Emperor Hadrian in the 2d cent. A.D.) was perhaps the most notable of the Corinthian temples.