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APPENDICES
Appendix A: Workshop 1
PFPD RED “PROFILE” 2010
IINOVATION PROJECT
SCIENCE NINTH GRADE AFTERNOON SHIFT
NAME _______________________________________________________________________COURSE 901
Workshop 1: FINDING THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS
OBJECTIVE
 To promote prior knowledge and dictionary use to improve reading comprehension
SCIENCE THEME
EVOLUTION: NATURAL SELECTION
ACTIVITIES
1. Read the text carefully and underline the unknown words
The theory of evolution suggests why there are differences among living things!
Darwin developed of the theory of evolution that is accepted by most scientists today.
He described his ideas in a book called On the Origin of Species, which was
published in 1859. After many years, Darwin’s hypothesis became known as the
theory of evolution by natural selection. Natural selection means that organisms with
traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Their
traits are passed to more offspring. The principles that describe how natural selection
works are listed in Table 1.
Over time, as a new data have been gathered and reported, some changes have been
made to Darwin’s original ideas about evolution by natural selection. His theory
remains one of the most important ideas in the study of life science.
Table 1 The principles of Natural Selection
1. Organisms produce more offspring that can survive.
2. Differences, or variations, occur among individuals of a species.
3. Variations are passed to offspring
4. Some variations are helpful, Individuals with helpful variations survive and reproduce better than
those without these variations.
5. Over time, the offspring of individuals with helpful variations make up more of a population and
eventually become a separate species.
English text adapted taken from: National Geographic Society, Biggs, A., Daniel, L., Society, N. G., Rillero, P.,
Zike, D., & Ortleb, E. (2002). Glencoe Life Science. United States: McGraw-Hill. p. 157.
2.
Classify the underline unknown words into
Scientific words
Other words
2
3. Activating prior knowledge
Choose the best option
a. Charles Darwin was a(an)
1. French botanist
2. Italian zoologist
3. English naturalist
4. German geologist
c.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
WORD
Suited
Traits
Offspring
Theory
Hypothesis
Survive
Changes
5.
Darwin´s theory has been modified in a
modern evolutionary synthesis that is
called:
neo-Darwinism
Darwinism
Lamarckism
neo-Lamarckism
b. “Traits best suited” related to
1. environment
2. helpful variations
3. organisms
4. offspring
d. On 2009, with relation to Darwin´s life,
were celebrated 200 years of his
1. birth
2. death
3. publication of On the Origin of
Species
4. beginning of the five year voyage
on the Beagle
Using the dictionary
Find the meanings of the words (by paying attention to the context or by using the dictionary)
MEANING
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Did you use the dictionary?
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Define the following words using your previous knowledge (PK) or using the context provided by
the reading(C)?
WORD
Reproduce
DEFINITION
Did you use PK or C?
Natural Selection
Offspring
Evolution
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
According to the text, the sentence is True or false? Why?
____ When Darwin refers to traits, this is the same as the individual characteristics.
____ An hypothesis is the same as a theory.
____ The origin of species was never published.
____ Natural selection means that organisms with traits not suited to their environment are more likely
to survive and reproduce.
____ Offspring of individual with helpful variations is more than offspring without these helpful
variations.
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Appendix B: Workshop 2
PFPD RED “PROFILE” 2010
IINOVATION PROJECT
SCIENCE NINTH GRADE AFTERNOON SHIFT
NAME ________________________________________________________COURSE 901
Workshop 2: FINDING THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS
OBJECTIVE
 To promote prior knowledge and dictionary use to improve reading comprehension
THEME
TAXONOMY
ACTIVITIES
3. Read the text carefully and underline the unknown words.
MODERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
In the late eighteenth century, Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist,
developed a new system of grouping organism. His classification system was
based on looking for organisms with similar structures. Today studies about
fossils, hereditary information and early stages of development are used to
determine an organism’s phylogeny.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of an organism, or how it has changed
over time. Today it is the basis for the classification of many organisms.
A classification system commonly used today groups organisms into five kingdoms. A
kingdom is the first and largest category, Kingdoms can be divided into smaller groups. The
smallest classification category is a species. Organisms that belong to the same species can
mate and produce fertile offspring. To understand how an organism is classified, look at the
classification of the bottle-nosed dolphin:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Tursiops
Tursiops
truncatus
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The classification of the bottle-nosed dolphin shows that it is in the order Cetacea. This order
includes whales and porpoises.
English text adapted taken from: National Geographic Society, Biggs, A., Daniel, L., Society,
N. G., Rillero, P., Zike, D., & Ortleb, E. (2002). Glencoe Life Science. United States:
McGraw-Hill. p. 23.
1. Classify the underline unknown words into
Scientific words
Other words
2. Activating prior knowledge
Choose the best option
a. This is not a kingdom
1. Plantae
2. Protists
3. Cordata
4. Bacteria
b.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carolus Linnaeus was born in
1607
1707
1807
1907
c. Carolus Linnaeus is often called the
father of
1. Genetics
2. Chemistry
3. Taxonomy
4. Zoology
d. The binomial nomenclature is used
for naming
1. Families
2. Species
3. Kingdom
4. Orders
3. Using the dictionary
Find the meaning of the words (by paying attention to the context or by using the
dictionary)
WORD
MEANING
Classification
system
Fossils
Phylogeny
Kingdom
Fertile offspring
Bottle-nosed
dolphin
Whales
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Did you use the
dictionary?
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes ___ No ____
Yes___ No ____
5
4. Define the following words using your previous knowledge (PK) or using the
context provided by the reading (C)
WORD
DEFINITION
Phylogeny
Did you use PK or C?
Kingdom
Species
5.
According to the text, the sentence is True or False? Why?
A. ___ Carolus Linnaeus developed a new classification system based on organisms’
structures.
B. ___ Fossils are helpful to determine an organism phylogeny.
C. ___ Phylogeny refers to the economical history of an organism.
D. ___ The five kingdoms are bacteria, protista, fungi, plantae and animalia.
E. ___ A Species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
F.___ Man and bottle-noised dolphin belong to the same class.
G. ___ Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the same family.
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Appendix D: Applied workshops 1 and 2 tabulation
Workshop 1
Evolution: Natural Selection
1. Classifying unknown words
Type of word
Reported words
Appropriate
classification
Scientific
Scientists, environment, Natural 16/32 50%
words
selection, hypothesis, organisms,
reproduce, evolution
Other words
Data, after, traits, likely,
gathered, most, called, became,
known, helpful, suited, occur,
which,remains, without, called,
suggests, suited, today, means,
accepted, published
2. Activating prior knowledge
Multiple choice questions
Question
Correct
answer
a. Charles Darwin was a(an)
b. “Traits best suited” related to
c. Darwin´s theory has been modified in a
modern evolutionary synthesis that is
called
d. On 2009, with relation to Darwin´s life,
were celebrated 200 years of his
Correct answers total
Workshop 2
Taxonomy
Type of word
Reported words
Scientific
words
phylogeny, fossils, evolution
kingdoms, classification system,
fertile offspring, organisms,
class, order, family, delphinidae,
genus, species, Animalia,
Tursiops truncatus
development, changed, early,
eighteenth, commonly, belong,
understand, smaller, structures,
Swedish,
Other words
Appropriate
classification
25/36 69%
%
Question
Correct
answer
%
26/32
4/32
19/32
81
13
59
a. This is not a kingdom
b. Carolus Linnaeus was born in
c. Carolus Linnaeus is often called the
father of
30/36
21/36
27/36
83
58
75
17/32
53
21/36
58
66/128
52
d. The binomial nomenclature is used for
naming
Correct answers total
99/144
69
7
Workshop 1
Evolution: Natural Selection
Workshop 2
Taxonomy
3. Using the dictionary
Meanings
Suited
Correct %
answers
7/32
22
Dictionary use
Yes
%
No N. a.*
22/32
69 8
2
Traits
Offspring
Theory
Hypothesis
Survive
27/32
30/32
30/32
30/32
29/32
84
94
94
94
91
23/32
18/32
3/32
3/32
13/32
72
56
1
1
41
6
10
27
27
18
3
4
2
2
1
91
81
13/32
95/224
41
42
11
10
7
8
22
Changes
29/32
Correct answers
182/22
total
4
(*) N. a. Not answered
Meanings
Classification
system
Fossils
Phylogeny
Kingdom
Fertile offspring
Bottle-nosed
dolphin
Whales
Correct answers
total
Correct %
answers
25/36
69
Dictionary use
%
No N. a.*
19 27 2
Yes
7/36
34/36
29/36
32/36
29/36
23/36
94
81
89
81
64
9/36
14/36
9/36
10/36
17/36
25
39
25
28
47
25
19
24
23
13
2
3
3
3
6
28/36
200/25
2
78
79
7/36
73/252
19
29
15
14
6
14
33
4. Defining scientific terms
Concept
Reproduce
Natural selection
Offspring
Evolution
Correct %
answers
21/32
8/32
14/32
17/32
60/128
(*) N. a. : Not answered
66
25
44
53
47
Previous knowledge (PK)
or Context (C) use
PK
%
C
N.a.
*
27
84 1
4
18
56 9
5
18
56 6
8
28
88 0
4
91/128 71
Concept
Correct %
answers
Previous knowledge (PK) or
Context (C) use
PK
%
C
N.a.*
Phylogeny
Kingdom
Species
14/36
8/36
7/36
39
22
19
15
17
20
42
47
56
29/108
27
52/108
48
11
11
9
10
8
7
8
Workshop 1
Evolution: Natural Selection
Workshop 2
Taxonomy
5. Reading comprehension
True or false, why?
Sentence
Argued
Sentence
a.
2
a. Carolus Linnaeus developed a new
classification system based on
organisms´ structures.
b. Fossils are helpful to determine an
organism phylogeny.
c. Phylogeny refers to the economical
history of an organism.
d. The five kingdoms are bacteria,
protista, fungi, plantae and animalia.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct %
answers
When Darwin refers to traits, this is 17/32
53
the same as the individual
characteristics.
An hypothesis is the same as a
10/32
31
theory.
The origin of species was never
19/32
59
published.
Natural selection means that
8/32
25
organisms with traits not suited to
their environment are more likely
to survive and reproduce.
Offspring of individual with
13/32
41
helpful variations is more tan
offspring without these helpful
variations.
67/160
42
2
5
1
1
Correct %
answers
26/36
72
Argued
21/36
58
2
24/36
67
6
25/36
69
0
e. A Species is a group of organisms
that can mate and produce fertile
offspring.
26/36
72
1
f. Man and bottle-nosed dolphin
belong to the same class.
g. Whales, dolphins and porpoises
belong to the same family.
17/36
47
3
18/36
50
2
157/25
2
63
3
9
Appendix E: Applied questionnaires tabulation
Questionnaires
Questions
Answers Options
%
Comments
a. All classes
Answer
number
4/34
1. Would you like to
develop activities
of science in
English in science
classes?
12
b. Once a week
18/34
53
c. Once a month
7/34
21
d. Never
5/34
14
Students´ level of English would be better(3)
To develop better understanding in both areas (2)
To reinforce our bilingualism practices
It would be great, we would learn more (4).
It would be a reinforcement for us in the two
subjects (3).
More experience in relation to Science.
We learn more English using it in everyday life
and we will learn Science (4)
We would learn more English, not only common
but also scientific words (2).
I find it interesting because I learn by myself.
Learn about Science by using English.
Because we have English classes
It would be more difficult to understand Science
in English if it were more often
It would be a support and a reinforcement to be
better students in the subject(2)
We would reinforce in English and Sciences.
Not always English activities
Because Science is in Spanish and that makes the
class easier.
Because it is more difficult
Because I do not understand
Because I do not understand Science and English
e. Other
0/34
0
10
Questions
Answers Options
Answer
number
%
2. Do you think that?...
a.
b.
c.
d.
You understand English
You understand Science
You understand Science in English
Other
4/34
17/34
9/34
4/34
12
50
26
12
a. You understand everything
b. You have difficulties with some
words, but you keep on reading and you
find its meaning
c. You have difficulties with some
words and even though you keep on
reading you do not find its meaning so
you decide look for in a dictionary
d. You have difficulty understanding
despite you implement the strategies
above
e. Other
a. It is easy, I understand scientific
words and other words
b. I have difficulties with scientific
words although they are similar to
Spanish words, I do not understand its
meaning
c. It is difficult because I do not
understand many words in the text
whether or not they are scientific, by
reason of they are in English
d. Other
1/34
14/34
3
41
16/34
47
2/34
6
1/34
11/34
3
32
10/34
29
10/34
29
3/34
10
3. When you face a
scientific text in
English,
4. Understanding
scientific texts in
English
Comments
Which? None of the above, I am not good for English
I understand both but I do not have the enough practice
(2)
I understand both but separately, meanwhile I can learn
more English
Which? It is difficult for me but I try to understand
Which? I understand most of the scientific words.
I understand but I do not use them too much.
There are science terms that are uncommon.
11
Questions
Answers Options
5. To use the
dictionary is
a. Useful, because I choose the word 25/34
that best corresponds taking into
account the context
b. It is not always useful, because I 8/34
cannot always find the word that best
corresponds according to the context
c. Useless, because I do not always 0/34
find the meaning of the words that I
look for
74
Not answered
1/34
a. I have previously worked on the 15/34
same topic in Spanish
b. I have dictionary
15/34
c. Other
3/34
3
44
Not answered
3
6. Understanding and
developing
science
workshops in English
is easier when:
Answer
number
1/34
%
Comments
23
0
44
9
Using what I learn in class is enough to solve the
workshops of each subject.
To develop them to understand.
Sometimes I learn several things on TV and I
improve my English and Science understanding
12
Appendix F: Field notes
Students Number
Workshop activities
1. Classifying
unknown words
2. Activating prior
knowledge
Workshop 1
Evolution: Natural Selection
32
Students are not sure about
differences between scientific
words and other words.
Students ask many questions.
Students use their notes to
answer the questions
3. Using the
dictionary
a. Dictionaries
available and
quality of
them
62% (20/32) of students bring
a dictionary for the activity; a
leader student gets the rest of
the dictionaries in other
courses.
Some
of
the
dictionaries are not good
enough to resolve the activity.
b. Dictionaries
management
Students
report
many
difficulties referred to division
entries per meaning:
suited=colección?,
offspring=vástago?
and per grammatical category:
called? I can not find this!,
means?, gathered?, known?
changes?.
Other comments:
There are some meanings!
I can not find the word!
The word is not here!
4. Defining scientific
terms
Students use their notes to
answer the questions (but there
answers are not literal).
Teacher recommends use
context during the session.
Students
do
not
write
arguments.
Teacher
recommends it.
5. Reading
comprehension
Workshop 2
Taxonomy
36
Students
are
surer
about
differences between scientific
words and other words.
Students use their notes to answer
the questions; they feel more
confident facing the questions.
64% (23/36) of students bring a
dictionary for the activity; a
leader student gets the rest of the
dictionaries in other courses.
More dictionaries were suitable to
resolve the activity, raise
awareness of the importance of a
good dictionary.
Students report some difficulties
referred to words that they can
not find in the dictionary:
phylogeny?
kingdom?
chemistry?
and per grammatical category:
commonly?
This time they are more focused
and
willing to resolve the activity in
an autonomous way, using other
resources as context and prior
knowledge.
Students use their notes to answer
the questions (but there answers
are not literal).
Teacher recommends use context
during the session.
Teacher recommends writing
arguments.