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Key Events and Battles of the Civil War (Answer Key) S Event Date Location Lincoln elected president November 1860 U.S. Crittenden Compromise December 1860 U.S. South Carolina secedes December 1860 Confederacy formed February 1861 Lincoln inaugurated March 1861 Significance Though winning in the electoral college, Lincoln's lack of a popular majority (1.9 million out of 4.7 million votes cast) is an indication of the problems he would face with a divided nation This unsuccessful, last-minute effort to avert the Civil War would have extended the Missouri Compromise line to California, protected slavery, & upheld the fugitive slave law. Its defeat made the Civil War inevitable. On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in South Carolina 1830s) became the first of 11 states to secede from the Union Montgomery, Alabama Washington, D.C. Charleston, South Carolina Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent nation Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing federal posts. Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot. When Fort Sumter is attacked, the Civil War began. During the first battle of the Civil War, Gen. McDowell led 30,000 men Northern against 22,000 Southern troops in an attempt to go "On to Richmond." Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861 Virginia South scored a victory & McDowell was replaced by Gen. McClellan Monitor vs. Off Hampton First ironclad battle in history ends in a draw as the Merrimac withdraws March 1862 Merrimac Roads, Virginia after daylong exchange of fire. Union blockade of South is maintained Grant overcomes Southern forces with heavy losses for each side: 13,000 Shiloh April 1862 Tennessee Union casualties, 11,000 for South nd 2 Battle of Bull Northern McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope. Lee and Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat August 1862 Union troops again at Manassas and Pope is replaced by McClellan Run (Manassas) Virginia Ft. Sumter attacked April 1861 Antietam September 1862 Maryland Emancipation Proclamation September 23, 1862 Washington, D.C. Chancellorsville May 1863 Northern Virginia Vicksburg July 1863 Mississippi Gettysburg July 1863 Pennsylvania Chattanooga November 1863 Tennessee Grant given command of all Union troops March 1864 Washington, D.C. “March to the Sea” Atlanta to Savannah SeptemberDecember 1864 Georgia Lee surrenders April 9, 1865 Over 23,000 casualties (more than all previous American wars combined). Convinced England & France not to ally with the CSA; Gave Lincoln confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announces that on 1/1/1863, all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. Does not affect border states. Forces European nations to recognize that choosing to support the South in the Civil War is support slavery. The Civil War becomes a moral war Gen. Hooker defeated by Lee, but Stonewall Jackson is mistakenly shot by his own men and killed. After a long siege, General Ulysses Grant is able to take full Union control of the Mississippi River. The largest battle in the Western Hemisphere. “Turning Point of the Civil War” because the Union defeated Lee’s army & the South never again invaded Northern soil; Began Northern “winning streak” Reinforced with troops from the East, Grant is able to push Southern troops back and prepare for assault on Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy When Lincoln's Cabinet complains that Grant is a drunk and seeks to interfere with his command, Lincoln gives him unconditional support and asks not to be notified of his plans. Grant embraces “total war,” begins a siege of Richmond, and orders Sherman to “march to the sea” Gen. Sherman destroys Atlanta and then sends troops on 300 mile destructive March to the Sea. Railroads torn up, buildings destroyed, crops burned in an attempt to break the will of the South; Victory of Atlanta gave Lincoln a boost in the Election of 1864 Appomattox Lee, refusing to see his troops suffer any further, surrenders to Grant. Court House, Va Southern troops given generous terms of surrender Key Events and Battles of the Civil War S Event Date Location Lincoln elected president November 1860 U.S. December 1860 U.S. This unsuccessful, last-minute effort to avert the Civil War would have extended the Missouri Compromise line to California, protected slavery, & upheld the fugitive slave law. Its defeat made the Civil War inevitable. South Carolina On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in 1830s) became the first of 11 states to secede from the Union South Carolina secedes Confederacy formed February 1861 Lincoln inaugurated March 1861 Significance Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent nation Washington, D.C. Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing federal posts. Charleston, South Carolina Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot. When Fort Sumter is attacked, the Civil War began. July 21, 1861 Northern Virginia During the first battle of the Civil War, Gen. McDowell led 30,000 men against 22,000 Southern troops in an attempt to go "On to Richmond." South scored a victory & McDowell was replaced by Gen. McClellan Monitor vs. Merrimac March 1862 Off Hampton Roads, Virginia Shiloh April 1862 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) August 1862 Northern Virginia Antietam September 1862 Maryland Ft. Sumter attacked Grant overcomes Southern forces with heavy losses for each side: 13,000 Union casualties, 11,000 for South McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope. Lee and Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union troops again at Manassas and Pope is replaced by McClellan With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announced that all slaves in the rebelling September 23, Washington, D.C. states (but not the border states) would be free. Forces European nations to 1862 recognize that choosing to support the South is support slavery. May 1863 Northern Virginia Gen. Hooker defeated by Lee, but Stonewall Jackson is mistakenly shot by his own men and killed. July 1863 Mississippi After a long siege, General Ulysses Grant is able to take full Union control of the Mississippi River. Gettysburg July 1863 Pennsylvania Chattanooga November 1863 Tennessee Chancellorsville March 1864 “March to the Sea” Atlanta to Savannah APUSH Reinforced with troops from the East, Grant is able to push Southern troops back and prepare for assault on Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy Lincoln gives Grant unconditional support and asks not to be notified of his Washington, D.C. plans. Grant embraces “total war,” begins a siege of Richmond, and orders Sherman to “march to the sea” SeptemberDecember 1864 Georgia April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House, Va Lee, refusing to see his troops suffer any further, surrenders to Grant. Southern troops given generous terms of surrender Name ____________________ Date ____________ Pd ______ Reconstruction Plans, Laws, Amendments, and Effects Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Congress’ Wade-Davis Bill Andrew Johnson’s Plan (“Presidential Reconstruction”) “Radical Reconstruction” Plan Proposed: 1863 Rejected by Congress Proposed: 1864 Vetoed by Lincoln Enacted:1865-1867 Enacted:1867-1877 Conditions: Conditions: Conditions: Conditions: Programs passed by Congress to assist African-Americans Reconstruction Amendments Political Impact of Reconstruction Economic Impact of Reconstruction • 13. • • • 14. • • • 15. • • Negative Effectives of Reconstruction • • • 1. Which Reconstruction Plan was the most appropriate for the nation after the Civil War? Explain. 2. Did the positive effects of Reconstruction outweigh the negative effects? Explain. 3. What unanswered questions remain regarding “fixing” something that is “broken” in America?