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The Renaissance
Topics
• The Rise of Reason
• Lorenzo de Medici
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Michelangelo Buonrroti
• The Prince
• The Borgia Pope
• New Social Mobility
• The Book of the Courtier
• The Race for Spice
• Henry the Navigator
• Vasco da Gamma
• Christopher Columbus
• The Race to Asia
• Da Gamma in India
• Columbus Discovers India?
• The New World
What was the Renaissance
• England and France battled each
other into poverty.
• In Italy the city states grew in
power and wealth.
• They collected antiquities and
rediscovered lost philosophy.
• The middle class grew into a new
aristocracy.
• The cities of Florence, Milan,
Genoa, Venice and Rome grew in
power, intellect, and science.
Lorenzo De Medici 1449-1492
• Head of the powerful banking
family the d’Medici.
• He rose as a statesman and ran
the city of Florence.
• He patroned artist and architects.
• His building programs moved
Florence to the forefront of the
Renaissance.
• His work shifted the competition
in Italy from war to the arts.
• After his death the d’Medici would
continue to champion
the arts
th
throughout the 15 Century.
The Great Inventor Da Vinci 1452-1519
• The original Renaissance man.
• Leonardo da Vinci’s works of art are
studied today and are imitated but
never mastered.
• He would write and dream of many
of the machines that we use today.
• His studies of human anatomy were
centuries ahead of his time.
• He is widely regarded as the most
complete and complex thinker,
artist, and inventor of his time and
even today.
The Great Artist Michelangelo 1475-1564
• Patroned by the d’Medici he is
perhaps the best artist and sculptor
of the time.
• Known for brash temper one student
punched him in the face.
• Known for his sculpture the pieces
David, and the Pieta.
• He considered painting a “lower” art
form, but his works the judgement
and Genesis are two of the most
recognized frescos in the world.
• Known as a chaste and private man
he wrote over 300 sonnets dedicated
to his lover Tommaso de Cavalieri.
Machiavelli and The Prince 1469-1527
• Niccolo d’ Machiavelli was a
statesman, politician, tactician,
poet , and philosopher from
Florence.
• His best known work Il Principe was
a comedic ironic work about Lorenzo
de Medici.
• His other works were treaties on
Livy, The Art of War, as well as
hundreds of poems and carnival
songs.
• Today Machiavellianism is used to
reference unscrupulous ruler who
will do anything to fulfill their
wishes “The Ends Justify the
Means.”
Pope Alexander VI 1431-1503
• Born Rodrigo Borgia in Valencia,
Spain.
• Served as Cardinal, oversaw
marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.
• Established Spanish Inquisition and
Jesuit order in Spain.
• Fathered four children with his
mistress.
• Became pope in 1492.
• His papacy was characterized by
war, nepotism, and strife.
• He would die of poisoning in 1503,
with most of his reforms not having
the chance to take root.
Social Mobility
• The greatest change that the
Renaissance in Italy brings is
upward movement of social classes.
• The majority of those who rise in
Italy are not from aristocratic
families.
• This mass social mobility begins to
move across the continent.
• As the 15th moves into the 17th
Century the New World will open
up and give many more the chance
to change their station.
Castiglione and the Courtier 1478-1529
• Baldassare Castiglione was born in Mantua.
• In 1494 he would travel to Milan for humanist
studies.
• There he would serve in the courts of Gonzaga
and Urbino.
• Later he would serve as Papal envoy to the Court
of Charles V.
• Late in life he would write The Book of the
Courtier.
• The book is a conversation between two
members of the Court of Urbino.
• The Courtier outline the way the man of the
Renaissance differ form the chivalrous knight of
old.
• The Renaissance man values knowledge,
philosophy, and art above military prowess, and
brutality.
Henry the Navigator 1415-1460
• Henry was the third child of John I of
Portugal.
• Enamored by stories of Prester John as
a youth.
• Learning of the Saharan trade routes in
North Africa Henry would push
Portuguese expansion into the area.
• He would press Portugal to explore
further and further.
• He believed one could navigate around
the Cape of Africa.
• He would go on to sponsor the
expeditions of merchants expanding
Portugal’s reach into the Atlantic and
Africa.
The Race for Spices
• Portugal was making its move to
establish sea routes to Asia.
• The other Italian states of Genoa,
Milan, and Florence wanted to
challenge the financial power of
Venice.
• Spain, now free of the
Reconquista was looking to
expand its new influence.
• The race for Asia was on. To the
victor would go a fortune of
riches and power.
Vasco da Gamma 1460-1524
• Since the Time of Henry the
Navigator Portugal had steadily
moved down the west coast of
Africa.
• In 1488 Portugal had moved around
the Cape of Good Hope.
• Dispatched by John II Da Gamma
would sailed four ships from Lisbon
around the Cape and into India
1497-1499.
• The trip was greater than sailing
around the equator.
• He would establish Portugal trade
colonies in India.
Christopher Columbus
• Cristoforo Colombo was born 31
October 1451.
• Apprenticed at see at Age 10.
• He would work and sail for
several Genoan companies.
• 1470’s he would move to
Portugal and begin work as
cartographer.
• While studying many old nautical
maps, Columbus came to the
Idea that the Passage west to
India was possible.
The Myth of the Flat World
• It was Washington Irving who
created myth of flat earth.
• Europeans had known since Aristotle
of spherical earth.
• Columbus however believed the
earth was 30,200 mi.
• In reality it s 40,000.
• He would propose to Portugal,
Genoa, and Venice of westerly sea
voyage. They laughed at him.
• Spain considered it and kept him in
court until 1492.
The West Indies
• Columbus would set sail 3
August, 1492.
• In three ships the Nina, Piñta,
and Santa Maria.
• He would sight land October
13th, 1492.
• He would believe he was just off
the coast of India.
• Named the land the West Indies.
• He would sail on to continue top
look for the mainland of Asia.
The New World to Conquer
• Columbus would leave behind 100 men
to establish an initial colony.
• He would take with him several of the
Arawak natives.
• The King and Queen were hardly
pleased.
• They would agree to send Columbus on
three more voyages.
• Columbus had indeed found a new
world.
• Spain would pour resources, men and
materials into claiming and colonizing.
• Over the next 100 years Spain would
rise and fall…
• But that is another story.