Download Muslim Civilizations (pg 32-33)

Muslim Civilizations (pg 32-33)
New religion emerges in 600s AD in Arabia – Arabs will spread Islam throughout a huge empire
Eventually breaks apart – Islam spreads – shared traditions among diverse people – opens trade
routes
Rise of Islam –
Muhammad, prophet of islam – born in Mecca around 570 – belief that he was called in a vision
– spread Islam, thousands will embrace new religion
Monotheistic – one god – all power
5 basic duties – Pillars
1. Belief in one God
2. Daily Prayer
3. Charity to Poor
4. Fasting
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
Quran – sacred book – holds sacred word of god and is final authority – scholars have applied
quaran to life – both religion and a way of life
Islam Spreads – Muhammad dies in 632 – Abu Bakr elected to be first Caliph – successor to
Muhammad – military campaign to conquer across Byzantine and Persian empires - - belief in
holiness in faith and paradise for those who die in battle
Led Islam to Atlantic to Indus Valley (India) – Abbasid dynasty moves capital of Islam
to Baghdad – rule until 1258 –
Largest empire at time – baghdad was larger more wealthy city than Constantinople –
1200s – empire fragments – independent caliphates and muslim states from North Africa
and Spain to Mongols converted to Islam ruled Middle East
Golden Age of Muslim Civilization –
Diverse cultures – Arabs, Persians, Africans, Europeans – open society – people could advance
through religious, scholarly or military achievements –
Tolerant of other religions – Christians and Jews were taxed but otherwise left alone –
Later Turkish and Mongols spread Islam
750-1350 – Islamic merchants establish trading network – ideas, products, tech spread – study of
algebra, astronomy, philosophy, literature, medicine
Artisans develop mosaics – architectures – domed mosques were in center of Muslim
cities – Baghdad b/c great center of learning
Muslims in India – 1000 – Turkish raiders in Inida- 1100s, muslim Sultan defeats Hindu armies
– capital was Delhi – Delhi sultanate from 1206 to 1526
Muslims and Hindus – widespread destruction of Buddhist monasteries – decline of
buddhims – many hindus killed – eventually tolerance succeeds, and muslim takes on hindu
culture
Mughal India – 1526 – more invaders – Babur – destroys delhi sultanate and set up new
dynasty – 1526 to 1857 – late 1600s economic hardship sparks rebellions – eventually
Europeans work against Mughals
Ottoman and Safavid Empires – dominate Middle east and parts of Europe – success b/c of
new weapons
Ottoman Empire – Turkish speaking nomadic people from Central Asia – 1300s, move across
Asia Mino and into Balkans - 1453 capture Constantinople, call it Istanbul – last 500 years
Sultan Suleiman (1520-66) – Ottomans are at golden age – poetry, paintings, models,
architecture – at biggest, stretches from Hungary to Arabia and Mesopotamia across North
Africa
Safavid Empire – late 1500s, Safavids, Turkish speaking muslims unite strong empire in Iran –
Shah Abbasthe Great ruled from 1588 to 1629 – revive glory of ancient Persia – capital was
known for silk trade – 1700s, Qajars rule until 1925