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Semester One Final Exam Review
Earth Science
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How is the origin of solar systems related to the formation of stars?
Why are the outer planets of our solar system composed primarily of lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium?
Some people believe that Jupiter is a star that had too little mass to "ignite". Explain this theory.
Explain the process of nuclear fusion - the energy of the stars.
What are the phases of the moon, in order?
a. new-waxing crescent-first quarter-waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
b. new- waning crescent-first quarter- waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
c. new- first quarter-waxing crescent- -waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous- -waning crescent- last quarter
d. new-waxing crescent-first gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
What causes phases of the moon? (A drawing is required as well as a written response.)
If I am a “Gemini”, what does that mean? Why is it no longer accurate?
Explain the process of a super nova.
How is the “red shift” used in astronomy?
The big bang has some supporting evidence. Explain it here.
What are the differences between an open universe and a closed universe?
What does the HR diagram tell us about stars?
Place the following color of stars in order from coolest to hottest: yellow, white, red, blue.
What is “absolute magnitude” when referring to stars?
Draw the sun, and label the layers.
What is a protostar?
What is a black hole, and how is it formed?
Why are the planets orbits not precisely circular?
What causes the moon to shine in our night sky?
What causes a lunar eclipse? (Draw a picture!!)
What two forces must balance to make a star stable?
Why is it predicted that our star, the Sun, will not end up as a black hole?
Why does everything in the universe seem to rotate, or revolve around something else?
How do we know that quasars are among the oldest objects in the universe?
What kind of star is smaller than Earth?
What does a spectrograph do?
What percentage of stars are “main sequence” stars, as identified on the HR diagram?
What does parallax do for astronomers? Explain the process.
How many Earths could fit inside the sun?
What are sunspots?
What is solar wind?
Within a star matter is converted into _________________.
As the process described in the previous question occurs, what happens to the gravity of the star?
Light can be broken into its characteristic colors by a _________________________.
The most common element in an average star is _____________________.
The color of a star represents its __________________.
How do we know that the Earth is not at the center of our solar system?
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?
What is the order of the planets, starting nearest the Sun and moving out?
A nebula is evidence of what event in stellar evolution?
What is a constellation?
What is a light year?
Why are different constellations visible in the night sky throughout the year? (A picture might help you with this one.)
Some constellations and stars are said to be “circumpolar”. What does that mean?
The constellation’s locations are very predictable, with little change from day to day. Planets, on the other hand, seem to
change location at a much greater rate. How do you explain this weird truth?
What causes a star to radiate heat and light?
What makes a Neutron star so dense?
What is the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
What element is the main ingredient of most stars?
Some stars in the sky that we can see have been gone for many years. How can this be?
51. Most of the stars we see in the night sky are part of which galaxy?
52. A telescope can make it possible to see very distant objects because of magnification and __________
53. Which color of star is hotter, blue or red?
54. What force pulls the original star materials (gasses and dust) together?
55. Where did the matter come from that eventually formed the Sun?
56. Is the Earth closer to the Sun in northern hemisphere’s winter or summer? Why?
57. What causes the “phases” of the moon?
59. How is astronomy different than astrology?
60.Which is bigger, the moon or the sun?
61.What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?
62.Why do astronauts come back to Earth weaker than when they left?
63. Why are days longer in summer than in winter in the northern hemisphere?
64. How long does it take Earth to rotate once on its axis?
65. How long does the moon take to revolve once around the Earth?
66. If it is 3:00 pm in Loveland, what time is it in New York (Eastern time)?
67. What is a “shooting star”?
69. Tide
70. Perigee
71. Wane
72. Lunar Eclipse
73. Gibbous Moon
74. Spring Tides
75. Which phase of the moon immediately follows the First quarter moon? ______________________
76. What is the diameter of the moon? ________________________
77. What is the gravity of the moon, compared with Earth’s gravity? _________
78. Describe the most widely accepted theory of the origin of the moon.
79. The moon appears to rotate from east to west around the Earth, but it is an illusion. Explain why the
illusion happens.
80. Given two telescopes one meter long, why is the focal length greater on the reflector than on the refractor?
81. In what direction does a comet’s tail always point?
82. Which type of planets in our solar system are most dense? WHY?
83. What force causes the planets to maintain their orbits around the sun?
84. How was the solar system formed?
85. Why might it be very important to know the constellations?
86.What element is the main ingredient of most stars?
87.What is matter?
88. Which phase of the moon immediately follows the full moon? _________________________
89.Why are the outer planets of our solar system composed primarily of lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium?
90. Explain the “oscillating universe theory”.
91. What is a “main sequence star” found in the HR diagram?
92. What determines the fate of a star? (Why do some become red giants and others
become white dwarfs?)
94. Why is the Sun hot?
95. Why do astronauts come back to Earth weaker than when they left?
96. How does the Earth having a dense core of iron support the accepted theory of the
formation of the Solar System?
97. Draw the following constellations: use your star wheel.
Pleides
Cassiopia
Capricornus
Ursa Major
Sagittarius
Ursa Minor
Scorpius
Aquila
Orion
Cygnus
Canis Major
Lyra
Canis Minor
Pegasus
Gemini
Draco
Auriga
Leo
Taurus
98.What force pulls the original star materials (gasses and dust) together?
101.
21.4 ml= ___________ Dl
102.
.0009Km = ____________cm
103.To measure mass in the metric system, the standard unit is the ___________________.
104.To measure volume in the metric system, the standard unit is the ____________________.
105.To measure distance in the metric system, the standard unit is the ____________________.
106.A centimeter is about…..
a. Half an inch
b. one foot
c. one yard
d. one gallon
107.A liter is about ….
b. An ounce
b. a gallon
c. a keg d. a quart
108. T / F Stars are about the same size as the earth.
109.
99.99cg = ______________g
110. If the Sun becomes a red giant star, as it may well be one day, what will happen to the Earth?
111. If the Sun were a blue star rather than a yellow star, the temperature on Earth would change. How
much would it change, and would that change be an increase or decrease in temperature?
112. Data is generated during which step of the scientific method?
120. “I think that a barking dog is less likely to bite than a quiet dog.” What part of the scientific method does this represent?
121. “When I tested my idea about barking dogs, the quiet dog bit me.” What part of the scientific method does this represent?
122. A manufacturer claims that their product can “kill germs that can cause bad breath”. Design an
experiment to test their claim. Be certain to include controls and variables.
123. What is a “shooting star”?
124. Which is faster, the speed of light or a bullet fired from a high power rifle?
125. Why are people weightless in space?
126.How do you change units within the metric system?
127. What caused the 2004 tsunami off of the coast of India? Explain with words and pictures.
128. During a tsunami, does water or energy move from the epicenter to the point of wave impact?
129.Asthenosphere
130.Isostasy
131.Convection current
132.Lithosphere
133.Pangaea
134.Why are there few volcanoes in the Himalayas, but many earthquakes?
135.Why aren’t there volcanoes along the San Andreas fault?
136.Why wouldn’t the fossil of an ocean fish found on two different continents be good evidence of continental drift?
137.Movement along the rift valley in Africa is about 2.1 cm per year. If the rate remains constant, how large will the rift be in
1000 years?
138.How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
139.Why did scientists initially reject Wegener’s theory of Continental Drift?
140.What was the early Earth’s atmosphere? (What gasses were there, and did that changer over time?)
141. Where are divergent boundaries found?
142. Where are convergent boundaries found?
143. Explain the Richter scale to measure quakes.
144. Describe and draw S, P and L waves.
145. Which quake waves do the most damage?
146. Which is denser, continental crust or oceanic crust?
147. Draw a seismograph.
148. Explain the process of nuclear fusion - the energy of the stars.
a. Large molecules of Uranium are broken down, releasing chemical energy.
b. Small elements of Hydrogen bond together, releasing chemical energy.
c. Small elements burn in an oxygen rich environment.
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
149. What is a super nova?
a. The end of a low mass star.
b. The beginning of a nebula.
c. The end of a medium mass star.
d. An imbalance in a star between fission pushing out and fusion pushing in.
e. More than one of these.
150. What does the HR diagram tell us about stars?
a. The size of the stars.
b. The brightness of stars.
c. The temperature of stars.
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
151. Place the following color of stars in order from coolest to hottest.
a. Yellow, white, red, blue
b. White, red, yellow, blue
c. Blue, white, red, yellow
d. Red, white, blue, yellow
e. None of these
152. What is “relative magnitude” when referring to stars?
a. The distance from Earth to a star.
b. The brightness of a star as it looks from Earth.
c. The brightness of a star as if all stars were an equal distance from Earth.
d. The brightness and size of a star combined to determine temperature.
e. None of these.
153. List the layers of the Sun from the inside to the outside.
a. Core, Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona
b. Photosphere, Core, Corona, Chromosphere
c. Chromosphere, Corona, Core, Photosphere
d. Corona, Corona Light, Photography, Corn.
e. None of these.
154. What is a protostar?
a. An old star about to die.
b. A young star about to form.
c. A forming star before fusion begins.
d. A massive star shedding mass.
e. Some of these.
155. What is a black hole?
a. A small dense star remnant with extreme gravity.
b. A large object with low density that pushes light away.
c. The first stage in the “death” of a low mass star.
d. More than one of these.
e. None of these.
156. What two forces must balance to make a star stable?
a. Fusion and fission.
b. Love and chocolate.
c. Heat from fusion and gravity.
d. Apparent and absolute magnitude.
157. Why is it predicted that our star, the Sun, will not end up as a black hole?
a. The Sun is too young.
b. The Sun is a low mass star.
c. The Sun is a high mass star.
d. Isn’t it already a black hole?
e. None of these.
158. What does a spectrograph do?
a. Improves television reception.
b. Measures the sound spectrum emitted by stars to determine their composition.
c. Measures the color spectrum emitted by stars to determine their composition.
d. Measures the temperature spectrum emitted by stars to determine their composition.
e. Some of these.
161. What is solar wind?
a. High energy particles from the Sun (or any star), emitted by the photosphere.
b. A breeze generated by thermal differences on the Sun (or any star).
c. The wind caused by the formation of a black hole.
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
162. As the process of fusion occurs within a star, what happens to the gravity of the star?
a. Increases.
b. Decreases.
c. Nothing; it stays the same.
d. None of these.
163. During nuclear fission (like at a nuclear power plant) , elements …
a. break into smaller pieces releasing energy.
b. burst into flames.
c. join together into larger pieces releasing energy
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
164. The most common element in an average star is _____________________.
a. Hungarianism
b. Helium
c. Magnesium
d. Iron
e. None of these.
165. How many hydrogen fuse to make one helium?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. None of these.
166. Which stars can NOT end up as a white dwarf?
a. medium mass
b. low mass
c. high mass
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
168. Which stars have a shorter lifespan?
a. high mass, blue stars
b. medium mass, yellow stars
c. low mass, red stars
d. They all “live” the same amount of time.
169. The life cycle of stars is ultimately determined by their _____________.
a. color
b. temperature
c. chemical composition
d. mass
e. None of these.
171. T/ F
Ursa Major is circumpolar.
172. T/ F
Orion is NOT visible tonight at midnight.
173. The imaginary line 45 degrees above the horizon is known as the _____.
a. elipse
b. eclipse
c. epileptic
d. epicenter
e. None of these.
174. Which of the following constellations can help a person find the north star?
a. Draco and Orion
b. Aquila and Capricornus
c. Ursa Minor and Canis Minor
d. Cassiopia and Ursa Major
e. Some of these.
175. Some people believe that Jupiter is a star that had too little mass to "ignite". Explain this theory.
a. Jupiter is hot on the inside due to friction.
b. Jupiter has too little mass to start nuclear fusion in the core.
c. Jupiter is much larger than a “regular” sized planet.
d. More than one of these.
e. None of these.
176. How is the “red shift” used in astronomy?
a. Indicates that a star is moving away from Earth.
b. Indicates that a star is headed toward Earth.
c. Indicates that a star is a cool temperature.
d. Indicates that a star is a hot temperature.
e. More than one of these.
177. Why does everything in the universe seem to rotate, or revolve around something else?
a. The universe is a dancing machine, and disco is the real meaning of life.
b. As objects crash together due to gravity, their angular momentum causes them to rotate.
c. As objects crash together due to gravity, their inertia causes them to rotate.
d. Objects do not revolve in space!
e. None of the above.
179. What are sunspots?
a. Hotter spots on the Sun’s surface, caused by areas of calm “weather”.
b. Cooler spots on the Sun’s surface, caused by areas of stormy “weather”.
c. Interference in the radio waves emitted by the Sun.
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
180. Within a star matter is converted into _________________.
a. Different matter.
b. Energy.
c. Light
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
181. The color of a star represents its __________________.
a. Absolute brightness
b. Apparent magnitude
c. Temperature or direction of movement.
d. Stellar mass or relative size
e. None of these.
182. A “shooting star” is _____________________.
a. A small star changing location
b. An artificial satellite flying around the earth.
c. A sign of the Apocalypse.
d. Tiny rock fragments entering Earth’s atmosphere.
e. None of these.
183. On the star charts made in class, objects found below the imaginary line 45 degrees above the horizon are in the _____.
a. North
b. South
c. East
d. West
e. None of these
189. Name two of the layers of the Sun. ______________________ _______________________
190. Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding material. Why is that?
191. Does the Sun rotate on its axis?
192. What are the phases of the moon, in order?
e. new-waxing crescent-first quarter-waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
f. new- waning crescent-first quarter- waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
g. new- first quarter-waxing crescent- -waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous- -waning crescent- last quarter
h. new-waxing crescent-first gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent
193. What causes phases of the moon?
a. The Earth’s shadow covers part of the Moon.
b. The Moon goes behind the Sun.
c. The Earth changes the tilt on it’s axis.
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
194. What causes the moon to shine in our night sky?
a. Nuclear fuel burns inside the moon, making it shine.
b. Light from the Earth reflects off of the moon back towards the Earth.
c. Light from the Sun reflects off of the moon and back towards Earth
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
195. What causes a lunar eclipse?
a. The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun.
b. The Sun is between the Earth and the Sun.
c. Either of these will cause a lunar eclipse.
d. Neither of these will cause a lunar eclipse.
196. Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?
a. One Lunar day equals one Lunar year.
b. It spins once on its axis each week.
c. It spins once on its axis each decade.
d. All of these.
e. None of these.
197. What is a penumbra, and when do we see it?
a. The offspring of a pen and an umbrella.
b. The faint outer shadow cast during an eclipse.
c. The darker inner shadow cast during an eclipse.
d. Another word for “Apogee”.
e. None of these.
198. Which of these is NOT one of the accepted theories of the origin of the Moon?
a. The moon is exploded magma from a giant volcano on Earth.
b. The moon is piece of Earth broken off by a meteor.
c. The moon was formed at the same time and manner as Earth.
d. The moon is a captured satellite from somewhere else.
e. All of these are accepted theories of the moon’s origin.
199. When it is high tide in one location, where will it be low tide?
a. On the opposite side of the Earth
b. At a point half way around the globe.
c. At a point one fourth of the way around the globe.
d. None of these answers.
e. More than one of these answers.
200. What is a Neap tide?
a. A tide that happens on February 29th during a “Neap Year”.
b. Another word for tsunami.
c. When the Moon and Sun gravities work together to increase high tides.
d. When the Moon and Sun gravities work perpendicular to each other.
e. None of these.
201. What is a Spring tide, and what causes it to occur?
a. A tide that happens during March; also known as “Spring Break” tide.
b. Another word for tsunami.
c. When the Moon and Sun gravities work together to increase high tides.
d. When the Moon and Sun gravities work perpendicular to each other.
e. None of these.
202. If you weigh 120 pounds on the Earth, what would you weigh on the Moon?
a. 360 pounds.
b. 720 pounds.
c. 60 pounds.
d. 30 pounds.
e. None of these answers.
203. If the Olympic Training Camp was on the Moon, would athletes perform better during the Olympic
Games here on Earth?
a. Yes; the Moon’s gravity would make them stronger.
b. No ; the Moon’s gravity would make them weaker.
c. Yes; weight lifters could lift more weight on the Moon.
d. No; the poisonous Moon atmosphere would make the athletes sick.
e. Some of these are correct.
204. Why is the visible surface of the Moon covered with craters?
a. It takes the impacts that would have hit the Earth.
b. It has no atmosphere to burn up the incoming rocks.
c. It has lots of active volcanoes and magma pots.
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
205. What nation was the first to land men on the moon?
a. Japan
b. Russia
c. Canada
d. France
e. None of these answers.
206. If Mrs. Shearer was born in March 1958, how old was she when the first words were spoken on the
moon?
a. 9
b. 11
c. 7
d. 13
e. None of these.
207. How can astronauts tolerate the extreme high temperature on the Moon?
a. Astronauts are tough dudes.
b. The space suits have very thick insulation.
c. They only deal with radiant heat.
d. The thick Lunar atmosphere protects them.
e. None of these.
208. If a person on the Moon jumps with all their might, can they escape the gravitational pull of the
Moon?
a. Yes; the escape velocity on the Moon is very low.
b. Yes; a person could jump over a kilometer, beyond the gravitational pull of the moon.
c. No; a person could only jump about six meters on the Moon.
d. No; the escape velocity of the Moon is beyond the strength of human legs.
e. Some of these.
209. How far is it to the Moon?
a. about one million miles
b. about a half million miles
c. about a quarter million miles
d. about one hundred thousand miles
e. None of these.
210. What does the word Apogee mean?
a. “Oh, gee, I see a monkey.”
b. The point furthest away in an orbit.
c. The nearest point in an orbit.
d. Another word for Gibbous.
e. Some of these.
211. What makes the Moon a better take off point for a trip to Mars than Earth might be?
a. Less gravity.
b. Less fuel required.
c. Better angle for Mars encounters.
d. Some of these answers.
e. None of these answers.
212. About how many Earth days (24 hours) would it take to experience a lunar “day”?
a. 14 Earth days
b. 28 Earth days
c. 42 Earth days
d. 56 Earth days
e. None of these.
213. One lunar day = one lunar year. How can this be true?
a. Time moves slower on the Moon.
b. The Moon completely orbits the Earth, and revolves once on its axis, in the same time period.
c. The Moon has retrograde motion.
d. Some of these.
e. None of these.
214. T/ F
The Earth’s shadow falling on the Moon causes Moon phases.
215. Consider “DOC”. What does the C represent?
a. The beginning of the lunar cycle.
b. The “Conundrum”; when high tides are really extra high.
c. The curvature of the waxing Moon.
d. The curvature of the waning Moon.
e. None of these.
216. Wax and wane- what do they mean?
a. Wax: increase in size; Wane: increase in brightness
b. Wax: increase in size; Wane: decrease in brightness
c. Wax: decrease in size; Wane: increase in size
d. Wax: increase in size; Wane: decrease in size
e. None of these.
217. T/ F
Earth is the only planet with a Moon explored by humans.
218. What is the interior structure of the Moon?
a. Similar to Earth with no new rock types.
b. Completely different than Earth, with several new rock types.
c. A crust covering an iron core.
d. Filled with liquid water.
e. Some of these.
219. A lunar eclipse occurs when:
a. the moon comes between the Earth and the Sun.
b. The Sun comes between the Earth and the Moon.
c. The Earth comes between the Moon and the Sun.
d. The Moon lands on the Earth, causing six more weeks of winter.
e. None of these.
220. The Moons apparent movement through the sky is east to west, but its REAL movement is…
a. North to south
b. South to north
c. East to north
d. West to south
e. None of these.
221. T/ F
The Earth rotates faster on its axis that the Moon does.
222. Change 235 grams into milligrams.
_____________________
223. How many meters are in a kilometer?
_____________________
224. What is the metric, or SI, unit of volume?
_____________________
3
225. 17 cm is equal to how many milliliters?
_____________________
226. Which metric measure of distance would be reasonable to use
If you were measuring from Berthoud to Denver?
____________________
227.Why is the metric system used in the science fields? ____________________________________________
228. Convert 250 dl into Hl.
____________________
229What is the purpose of science? ____________________________________________________________
230. What are the steps of the scientific method? ___________________________________________________
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
EARTHQUAKES
Definition: The shaking or trembling that results from the sudden movement of part of the Earth’s crust.
Quantity of quakes: Estimated at > one million /year, several thousand are strong enough to be felt. About twenty can cause a change
to the Earths surface.
Causes: Faulting causes most quakes.
Locations: Can occur anywhere, including under the sea. If under the sea, a tsunami may result.
A. Tsunamis are giant sea waves that travel up to 800 km/hr, and are 20 meters tall at the shore.
B. In some locations, tsunamis cause more damage than quakes.
C. Most quakes occur in three zones of the Earth:
1. Pacific rim/ Ring of Fire
2. Mediterranean zone: Through the Med, into Asia and India
3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge: From Iceland through the center of the Atlantic ocean.
Seismic waves
A. The actual place underground where the quake originates is the focus.
B. Directly above the focus is the point on the surface known as the epicenter.
C. Earthquake waves are known as seismic waves. There are three types.
1. (P)rimary waves: Travel fastest; travel through solids, liquids, and gases. P waves speed up if the material
they travel through is more dense. They are compressional waves.
2. (S)econdary waves: Slower than P waves; travel only through solids, not through liquids and gasses. S
waves speed up in more dense material. S waves are longitudinal waves.
3. Surface waves: (Termed L waves) Slowest waves; originate at epicenter; move just like waves in the ocean,
and cause the most damage to the Earth’s surface.
4.
Seismic measurement: A Seismograph (1893) measures seismic waves. Draw the seismograph.
A. The Richter scale (Charles Richter, 1935) is used to calculate the strength of an earth quake. Each whole number
increase on the Richter scale = a tenfold increas in quake power. The Richter scale cannot measure the destructiveness
of a quake, but most destructive quakes are at least a magnitude of 6.
B. Quake prediction: Minimal, although well water often recedes and the local landforms may rise or fall slightly. Most
promising is the change in animal behavior- the interaction of Earth science and biology!
231.The earth’s inner core is made of ______
a. Oxygen and silicon
b. copper and nickel
c. iron and silicon d. iron and nickel
232.When P and S waves reach the Earth’s outer core, ______________
b. both keep moving at the same speed
b. both stop completely
c. P waves stop, and S waves slow down
d. S waves stop and P waves slow down
233.The layer that makes up most of the Earth’s mass and volume is the ____________
c. mantle
b. magma
c. crust
d. core
234.The ability of a solid to flow like a liquid, is _____________
d. porosity b. seismology
c. plasticity
d. ductility
235.The thin outermost layer of the Earth is the ______________
e. mantle
b. Moho c. crust
d. core
236.T/F The Atmosphere is the outermost layer of the mantle on which the plates move.
237.T/F The outer core is molten.
238.T/F S waves slow down as they pass through liquid
239.T/F The magnetic field surrounding Earth is probably related to the copper core.
240.T/F The breaking, tilting, and folding of rock is called shearing.
241.T/F The balancing of the force exerted by the crust and the mantle is called isostasy.
242.T/F The downward, u-shaped fold in the rocks is known as a dome.
243.T/F The largest lithospheric plate is the Pacific.
244.T/F Wegener proposed that all the continents were once part of a super continent known as
Gondwanaland.
245.T/F The mid-Atlantic ridge is a convergent boundary.
246.T/F Magnetic stripes on the ocean floor indicate that the Earth’s magnetic fields occasionally reverse
themselves.
247.T/F Seismographs can accurately predict an upcoming earthquake.
248.Evidence that supports the theory of continental drift has been provided by ______
f. a. fossils b. glacial depositsc. neither a or b d. both a and b
249.Two plates grind past each other at a ______________
g. constructive boundary
b. divergent boundary
c. convergent boundary
d. strike-slip boundary
250.The process where the ocean floor dives into the Earth’s interior is called ___________
h. subduction
b. construction
c. rifting d. convection
251.The movement of the ocean floor on either side of a midocean ridge is best known as ____________
i. rifting
b. glaciation
c. sea-floor spreading
d. subduction
252.The largest rock fragments blown into the air during a volcanic eruption are _________
j. ash
b. dust
c. cinders
d. bombs
253.Hot liquid rock found in the interior of the Earth is called _____________
k. lava
b. magma
c. ash
d. cinders
254.The seismic waves that cause the most destruction during an earthquake are ________
l. S waves b. P waves
c. L waves
d. Air waves
255.The fastest moving waves are the _____________
m. S waves b. P waves
c. L waves
d. Air waves
256.During an earthquake, the most violent shaking occurs at the ___________
n. focus
b. epicenter
c. Ring of Fire
d. vent
257.The underground point of origin for an earthquake is the _____________
o. focus
b. epicenter
c. Ring of Fire
d. vent
258.Tsunamis are caused by ________________
p. thermal inversions
b. earthquakes
c. volcanoes
d. Godzilla
259.The most common cause of earthquakes is ___________________
q. faulting b. tsunamis
c. seismic waves d. magma
260.The driving force behind plate movement is probably _________________
r. isostasy b. convection currents
c. faulting
d. P waves
261.The difference in arrival times between S and P waves can be used to calculate __________
s. the magnitude of an earthquake
b. a volcanic eruption
c. the duration of an earthquake
d. the distance to an earthquake
262.If a mountain range is eroded away, the crust will float higher on the mantle. This is an example of ___
t. isostasy b. shearering
c. faulting
d. anticline
263.The San Andreas fault in California is an ex ample of a _______
u. strike-slip fault b. divergent fault c. constructive boundary d. notmy fault
264.The inner core of the Earth is __________, while the outer core is ____________.
v. hot; cold b. liquid; solid
c. solid; liquid
d. wet; dry
265.Earthquakes occur in three areas of the world; the Pacific Rim, the Mid-Atlantic ridge, and the ____
w. Arctic Ocean
b. Caspian Sea
c. Mediterranean Ocean
d. Dead Sea
266.The number of earthquakes that occur each year is approximately __________
x. over one million b. over ten million
c. over a billion d. eleven
267.The epicenter of an earthquake is found __________
y. at the Earth’s core
b. directly above the focus c. directly below the focus d. Ft Collins
268.Most earthquakes are not destructive because they are _____________________
z. of a high magnitude
b. located in the deep ocean
c. in highly populated areas
d. really whale flatulence
269.Primary waves are _____________________
aa. compressional waves
b. longitudinal waves
c. surface waves d. L waves
270.A single digit increase on the Richter scale, (going from a 1 to a 2) represents a ___ increase in magnitude.
bb. 5X
b. 10X
c. 100X d. 1000X
271.The Himalayan mountains are still growing because _______________________
cc. the Atlantic plate is crashing into Asia
b. India is crashing into Asia
c. the oceans are drying up
d. the Himalayas are over a hot spot
272.Rock is deformed when exposed to ________________
dd. high temperatures b. high pressure c. neither a nor b d. both a and b
273.The reason one plate goes under another at convergent boundaries is __________________
ee. density differences
b. temperature differences c. mass differences
d. age differences
274.As we drill into the crust, we notice the temperature increases with depth. What causes the interior Earth’s heat?
ff. the Sun b. magma
c. pressure and nuclear radiation d. nuclear fusion
275.What is the order of the Earth’s layers, from the inside out?
gg. Moho, outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
hh. inner core, outer core, Moho, mantle, crust
ii. inner core, outer core, crust, mantle, Moho
jj. inner core, outer core, mantle, Moho, crust
A. How can it be that oceanic plates are destroyed at the same rate they are created?
B. Explain Wegener’s reasoning behind his Continental Drift theory.
C. Some scientists have argued that parts of California may one day end up in Alaska. Explain your opinion on this
debate, using factual points.
D. How can scientists know the composition of the inner Earth if we lack the technology to actually see it?
E. Explain the differences between normal faults and reverse faults?
Density problems!! D= M/V
276. Air has a density of .00129g/cm3 and carbon dioxide has a density of .00198g/cm3. Explain what would happen
to the carbon dioxide gas if it were released in this room?
277. Granite has a density of 2.7g/cm3.What is the mass of a granite counter top with the dimensions of 150cm x
300cm x 5cm. Convert your final answer to kilograms and to pounds.
Answer (kg)___607.5______
Answer(lbs) ____1335.6___________
278. Air has a density of .00129g/cm3. If the dimensions of this room are 500cm x 800cm x 250cm how much does
the air in this room weigh? Convert your answer to kilograms and then to pounds.
Answer (kg)___129________
Answer(lbs)_____284______________
279. A piece of glass in a large window is 120cm x 75cm x1cm. If the glass has a mass of 22500 grams, what is the
density of glass?
Answer_______2.5 g/cm3____________________
280. A graduated cylinder is filled to the 24ml mark with water. An unknown piece of metal is placed in the water
and the level rises to 32ml. Next the metal is put on a scale and found to have a mass of 22 grams. What is the
density of this unknown metal?
Answer_______2.75 g/cm3
281. Blood has a density of 1.04g/cm3. If you donate blood and the bag of blood you donated has a mass of 260 grams, what is
the volume of blood you donated?
Answer________248 cm3
282. Air has a density of .00129g/cm3. If you had a large plastic bag and the air in the bag has a mass of 250 grams, what is the
volume of air in the bag?
Answer_________193798 cm3