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Absolute Magnitude • The actual brightness of a star. Apparent Magnitude • How bright a star appears to be in the night sky. Asteroid •A large space rock that orbits the sun. Axis • The imaginary line that passes through the center of the North and South poles. • The Earth rotates on its axis. Black Hole •An object in space with gravity so strong that it pulls everything into it, even light. Comet •A mountain-size chunk of ice and dust that orbits the sun Constellation •A group of stars that ancient people thought formed a picture in the sky Corona •The Sun’s atmosphere. Earth • The only planet in our Solar System with the right environment to exist. • ¾ of the planet is covered in water. • The only planet with liquid water. Eclipse • The passing of one object between the Sun, causing a shadow. • Examples: solar and lunar. Elliptical •Having the shape of an oval. (egg) Equinox • Day of equal hours of day and night • March 21(first day of spring) • September 21(first day of fall) Galaxy •A group of stars, gas, and dust. Geographic Pole •An imaginary point through which the Earth’s axis of rotation passes. Heliocentric Model • The model that the Sun is the center of the Solar System. Light Year • The distance light travels in one Earth year. • 9.5 trillion km. Lunar Eclipse •The Earth blocks the Sun’s light and casts a shadow on the moon. Magnetic Pole •An imaginary point through which the Earth’s magnetic axis passes. Magnitude • Brightness of stars. • Absolute and Apparent. Moon Phases • New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent, new moon. • Lunar Cycle- 27.3 days. Orbit •The path of an object in space as it travels around another object. Order of the Planets My - Mercury Very - Venus Eager - Earth Mother - Mars Just - Jupiter Sent - Saturn Us - Uranus Nine - Neptune Pizzas - Pluto Photosphere •The visible surface of the Sun. Revolve, Revolution • The movement of an object around another object. • orbit • It takes the Earth one year to make one revolution around the Sun. Rotate, Rotation • The spin of something on its axis. • It takes the Earth one day to make one rotation. (23 hours, 56 minutes) Satellite •A natural body, like the moon, or an artificial object that orbits another object. Seasons •The year long cycle of temperature changes caused by the Earth’s tilt as it revolves around the Sun. Solar Eclipse •Moon blocks the Sun’s light and casts a shadow on the Earth Solar Flare •A brief burst of energy from the Sun’s photosphere. Solar System •A set of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that are held together by the gravity of a star. Solar Wind •A fast moving stream of particles thrown into space by solar flares. Solstice • Longest and Shortest Day • Dec 21 (first day of winter) least amount of daylight • June 21 (first day of summer) most amount of daylight Star •A large, gaseous, self-luminous body held together by gravity. Sun • The huge, fiery-hot star at the center of our Solar System. • The sun gives off light and heat energy. • Without the Sun, life on Earth could not exist. • Causes weather Sunspot •A dark spot on the photosphere of the Sun, cooler than the area around it. Telescope • An instrument that magnifies distant objects, making them appear larger. • Uses a refracted convex lens. Universe •Everything that exists – planets, stars, dust, gases, and energy.