Download AP Review – Life and Chemistry Name: Date: ___B_ 1. The atomic

AP
Review
–
Life
and
Chemistry
Name:
Date:
___B_
1.
The
atomic
number
of
an
element
refers
to
the
number
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
protons
and
neutrons
in
a
an
atom
protons
in
an
atom
Belectrons
in
an
atom
neutrons
in
an
atom
___B__
2.
Which
of
the
following
statements
concerning
electrons
is
not
correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Electrons
orbit
the
nucleus
of
an
atom
in
defined
orbitals.
The
outer
shell
of
all
atoms
must
contain
eight
electrons.
An
atom
may
have
more
than
one
valence
shell.
Electrons
are
negatively
charged
particles.
__D__
3.
The
element
with
which
of
the
following
atomic
numbers
would
be
most
stable?
a.
1
b.
3
c.
12
d.
18
__A__
4.
How
can
you
differentiate
between
an
element
and
a
molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Molecules
may
be
composed
of
different
types
of
atoms,
whereas
elements
are
always
composed
of
only
one
type
of
atom.
Molecules
are
composed
of
only
one
type
of
atom,
whereas
elements
are
composed
of
different
types
of
atoms.
Molecules
are
elements.
Molecules
always
have
larger
atomic
weights
than
elements.
__A__
5.
The
strongest
chemical
bonds
occur
when
a.
b.
c.
d.
two
atoms
share
electrons
in
a
covalent
bond
two
atoms
share
electrons
in
an
ionic
bond.
Hydrogen
bonds
are
formed
Van
der
Waals
forces
are
in
effect
__D__
6.
You
have
discovered
that
a
molecule
is
hydrophilic.
What
else
do
you
know
about
this
molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It
cannot
form
hydrogen
bonds
It
is
a
polar
molecule
It
has
a
partial
positive
region
and
a
patial
negative
region
Both
b
and
c
___C__
7.
The
stability
of
the
three‐dimensional
shape
of
many
large
molecules
is
dependant
on
a.
covalent
bonds
b.
ionic
bonds
c.
hydrogen
bonds
d.
van
der
Waals
forces
__B__
8.
Which
of
the
following
properties
makes
water
an
excellent
solvent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the
pH
of
water
is
7
Water
is
a
polar
molecule
Water
has
a
high
surface
tension
Water
has
a
high
heat
capacity
__D__
9.
Cola
has
a
pH
of
3;
blood
plasma
has
a
pH
of
7.
The
hydrogen
ion
concentration
of
cola
is
______
than
the
hydrogen
ion
concentration
of
blood
plasma.
a.
4
time
greater
b.
10
times
lesser
c.
400
time
greater
d.
10,000
times
greater
__B__
10.
If
solution
A
has
a
pH
of
2
and
solution
B
has
a
pH
of
8,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
ture?
a.
b.
A
is
basic
and
B
is
acidic
b.
A
is
acidic
and
B
is
basic
A
has
a
greater
(OH‐)
than
B.
c.
A
is
a
base
and
B
is
an
acid
___C_
11.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
an
organic
molecule?
a.
b.
c.
d.
C6H12O6
CH3OH
H2SO4
CH3COOH
12.
In
the
following
figures,
place
electrons
in
the
appropriate
shells
based
on
the
atomic
numbers
of
the
elements
carbon
(6C),
nitrogen
(7N),
sodium
(11Na),
chlorine
(17Cl),
argon,
(18Ar),
and
oxygen
(8O).
Notice
how
the
five
electrons
in
the
valence
shell
are
distributed.
When
drawing
them
in,
place
the
electrons
in
the
following
order:
one
at
the
top,
one
on
the
right,
one
at
the
bottom,
one
on
the
left
and
repeat
for
any
remaining
electrons
(up
to
8
for
the
second
shell).
This
represents
the
pairing
of
electrons
in
orbitals.
13.
Calcium
has
an
atomic
number
of
20.
Draw
structures
for
Ca
and
Ca2+.
What
is
different
about
these
structures?
Calcium’s
electrons
in
orbitals
are
shown
to
the
left.
Notice
how
the
two
electrons
in
the
valence
shell
(outermost
shell)
are
paired?
This
is
done
sometimes
when
only
two
electrons
are
in
the
valence
shell
–
it
helps
to
make
sure
you
don’t
“lose
them”
in
the
diagram
by
separating
them.
To
draw
Ca2+,
think
about
what
the
2+
means.
In
a
stable
atom,
the
number
of
protons
are
equal
to
the
number
of
electrons
so
that
there
is
no
charge
to
the
atom.
Since
Ca2+
has
a
charge,
we
know
that
either
protons
or
electrons
have
been
“lost”.
If
I
removed
protons,
I’d
be
left
with
more
electrons
that
protons
which
would
give
me
a
negative
charge.
Since
there
is
a
positive
charge,
I
know
that
two
negative
electrons
were
removed
(probably
donated
to
another
atom)
leaving
me
with
two
more
protons
than
electrons.
I
know
that
electrons
are
removed
from
the
outermost
shells
first,
so
Ca2+
should
look
just
like
Ca,
but
the
outermost
shell
and
two
electrons
are
missing.
14.
Nitrogen
atoms
can
form
triple
bonds
with
each
other.
What
is
a
triple
bond?
How
many
electrons
are
shared
between
two
N
atoms?
In
a
triple
bond,
three
pairs
of
electrons
are
shared
between
two
atoms.
15.
Rank
the
following
solutions
in
order
from
the
most
acid
to
the
most
basic
__1_
Lemon
Juice,
pH
=
2
Of
the
items
in
the
list,
which
has
the
highest
1
=
highest
H+
concentration
__4_
Mylanta,
pH
=
10
concentration
of
H+
ions?
Which
has
the
lowest
5
=
lowest
H+
concentration
__2_
Sprite,
pH
=
3
concentration
of
H+
ions?
__5_
Drain
cleaner,
pH
=
15
__3_
Seawater,
pH
=
8