Download What is magnetism?

Magnetism and It’s Uses
Chapter 8
What is
magnetism?
Magnetism is the properties and interactions of
magnets
The earliest magnets were found naturally in the
mineral magnetite which is abundant the rock-type
lodestone. These magnets were used by the ancient
peoples as compasses to guide sailing vessels.
Magnets produce magnetic forces and have magnetic
field lines
Magnets have two ends or poles, called north and
south poles. At the poles of a magnet, the magnetic
field lines are closer together.
Unlike poles of magnets attract
each other and like poles of
magnets repel.
The earth is like a giant magnet!
The nickel iron core of the earth gives the earth a
magnetic field much like a bar magnet.
What are
magnetic
domains?
Magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, and nickel are
composed of small areas where the groups of atoms
are aligned like the poles of a magnet. These regions
are called domains. All of the domains of a magnetic
substance tend to align themselves in the same
direction when placed in a magnetic field. These
domains are typically composed of billions of atoms.
Electricity and Magnetism – how are
they related?
When an electric current passes through a
wire a magnetic field is formed.
What is an electromagnet?
When an electric current is passed through a coil of
wire wrapped around a metal core, a very strong
magnetic field is produced. This is called an
electromagnet.
What is a galvanometer?
A galvanometer is an electromagnet that interacts
with a permanent magnet. The stronger the electric
current passing through the electromagnet, the more
is interacts with the permanent magnet.
Galvanometers are
used as gauges in
cars and many other
applications.
The greater the current passing through the wires, the stronger the
galvanometer interacts with the permanent magnet.
What are electric motors?
An electric motor is a device which changes electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
We have seen how electricity can produce a magnetic
field, but a magnetic field can also produce
electricity! How?
What is electromagnetic induction?
Moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field
produces an electric current. This is electromagnetic
induction.
A generator is used to convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction.
Carefully study the next diagrams:
Generating Electricity for Your
Home
• Electrical energy comes
from a power plant with
huge generators.
– The coils in these
generators have wire
wrapped around huge iron
cores.
– The rotating magnets
are connected to a turbine~
a large wheel that rotates
when pushed by water, wind,
or steam.
Compare/Contrast Electric
Motors and Generators
Electric Motor
Generator
What does it do?
Changes electricity
into movement.
Changes movement
into electricity.
What makes its
electromagnetic coil
rotate?
Attractive and repulsive
forces between the coil
and the permanent
magnet.
An outside source of
mechanical energy
What is the source of the
current that flows in its
coil?
An outside power source.
Electromagnetic induction
from moving the coil
through the field of the
permanent magnet
How often does the
current in the coil change
direction?
Twice during each rotation
of the coil.
Twice during each rotation
of the coil.
Direct current versus
alternating current –
AC vs DC : What’s the difference?
Direct current is electrical current
which comes from a battery which
supplies a constant flow of electricity in
one direction.
Alternating current is electrical current
which comes from a generator. As the
electromagnet is rotated in the
permanent magnet the direction of the
current alternates once for every
revolution.
Go to this website and click the button
for DC then for AC to visually see the
difference between the two.