Download USES OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS

USES OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Subject
Direct Object
Yo
Tú
Él
Ella
Usted
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ellos/as
I
You
He, it
She, it
You
We
You
They
Ustedes
You
Me
Te
Le, lo
La
Le, la
Nos
Os
Los,
Las,
Les
Indirect Object
Me
You
Him, it
Her, it
You
Us
You
Me
Te
Le
Le
Le
Nos
Os
To me
To you
To him, it
To her, it
To you
To us
To you
Them,
You
Les
To them,
To you
Prepositional Form
Para / a +
To / for +
Mí
Me
Ti
You
Él
Him
Ella
Her
Usted
You
Nosotros/as Us
Vosotros/as You
Ellos/as
Them
Ustedes
You
Notes on the above table:3rd Person Direct Object Pronouns, i.e. him, her, it, them, you (with usted/es):
Masculine:
Feminine:
Singular
le
lo
la
for persons
for things
for persons or things
Plural
les or los
los
las
for persons
for things
for persons or things
Reflexive pronouns are the same as the Direct Object Pronouns, except for the 3 rd person,
singular and plural which is se; the corresponding prepositional form is sí.
Enclitic Forms:Personal Object Pronouns usually come before the noun, unattached, but when the verb is an
infinitive, present participle or positive imperative, the object pronoun is placed after the verb,
attached to it (enclitic). Note that in the first two cases (infinitive and present participle), it is
optional and will often depend on individual style or the length of the verb; with positive
imperatives, the enclitic form is compulsory:
Examples:
Voy a enviarlo (or lo voy a enviar), I am going to send it.
Estoy escribiéndolo (or lo estoy escribiendo), I am writing it.
¡Envíelo (Vd.)! Send it!
Note the addition of an accent where necessary to retain the correct stress.
Clitic (pronoun) Doubling:When an Indirect Object noun (person) follows the verb, an Indirect Object Pronoun is used
as well with the verb:
Example:
Le dije a mi padre las noticias, I told my father the news.
When a Direct Object noun precedes the verb, a Direct Object Pronoun is used as well with
the verb:
Example:
Todas las dificultades que tienes las comprendo perfectamente
I understand all your difficulties perfectly.
Ello (neuter) after a preposition translates as ‘it’ (indefinite).
Example:
No quiero pensar en ello, I don’t want to think about it.
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Position of Pronouns:When two pronouns are used with a verb, the indirect object ALWAYS precedes the direct
object:
Example:
Usted me lo da, you give (are giving) it to me.
When two 3rd person pronouns are used with the verb, the first changes to se:
Example:
Usted se lo da, you give (are giving) it to him/her/them.
To avoid ambiguity, the preposition phrase a él, a ellos, a ellas etc is often added:
Example:
Usted se lo da a él, you give (are giving) it to him.
The preposition form of the personal pronoun is mainly used after a preposition. Entre,
however, is usually followed by the subject pronoun:
Examples:
Con ella, with her;
Para usted, for you;
Sin mí, without me, but:
Entre tu y yo, between you and me.
This form is also used to emphasize a subject or object pronoun:Example:
Me lo enviaron a mí, no a él, they sent it to me, not to him.
Irregular preposition phrases:
Examples:
Conmigo, with me;
Contigo, with you;
Consigo, with himself, herself, themselves.
Uses of the neuter pronoun:Lo replaces the adjective complement of a verb:
Example:
Tu cara está sucia y lo estaba ayer,
your face is dirty and it was (so) yesterday.
Lo replaces the noun complement of ser:
Example:
¿Es ella enfermera? Sí, lo es. Is she a nurse? Yes she is.
JCW
01.01.06
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