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Los Medanos College Center for Academic Support Spring 2012 English grammar recognizes eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Many words can function as more than one part of speech, depending on its use in a sentence (The Bedford Handbook for Writers, 4th ed.). NOUN Names a person, place, thing, or idea. PRONOUN Substitutes for a noun. VERB A HELPING VERB comes before a main verb. Modals: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will would, ought to Forms of be: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been. Forms of have: have, has, had Forms of do: do, does, did Note: The forms of be, have and do may also function as main verbs. ADVERB Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, usually answering one of these questions: When? Where? Why? How? Under what conditions? To What degree? A MAIN VERB asserts action, being, or state of being. There are eight forms of the highly irregular verb be: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been. ADJECTIVE Modifies a noun or pronoun, usually answering one of these questions: Which one? What kind of? How many? The articles a, an and the are also adjectives. CONJUNCTION Joins words, phrases, or clauses and indicates the relationship between joined elements. PREPOSITION Shows the relationship between the noun or pronoun that follows it and another word in the sentence. Prepositional phrases usually function as adjectives or adverbs. Common prepositions: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beside, besides, between, beyond, but, by, concerning, considering, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, next, next to, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, past, plus, regarding, respecting, round, since, than, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, unlike, until, unto, up, upon, with, without. INTERJECTIONS Express surprise or emotion. WOW! OH! HEY! HOORAY!